no. 2 (186), 2023
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
MECHANICAL
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L. G. Varepo, L. V. Boyarnikova, E. V. Leongardt The systematic approach to solving the problem of personnel training based on use of 8D methodologies DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-5-12 The article discusses the procedure for managing inconsistencies using the example of the «personnel training» element, which is part of the «resource management» process using the 8D methodology. The case of identifying the root cause of the problem arising during distance learning for employees of closed-type enterprises has been analyzed, corrective and preventive actions have been developed. The calculation of the performance assessment was carried out and the report form was compiled according to the 8D methodology. Keywords: 8D methodology, FMEA analysis, risk management, training, corrective actions, preventive actions. |
5–12 |
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S. V. Korneev, S. V. Pashukevich The influence of granulometric composition of molybdenum disulfide on lubrication of rolling bearings DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-13-18 In the work, laboratory tests are carried out to assess the wear of rolling bearings on the SMC-2 friction machine, depending on the granulometric composition (up to 1 and up to 7 microns) and the concentration of molybdenum disulfide added to the base industrial oil I-GT-A-100 (I-50A), produced according to GOST 20799- 2022. During the tests, numerical values of the wear condition of four bearings are obtained, the average value is indicated. The dependences of the concentration of molybdenum disulfide with a granulometric composition of up to 1 and up to 7 microns on the wear level and the average temperature of the bearing during the tests are determined. Keywords: lubricants, rolling bearings, greases, molybdenum disulfide, granulometric composition, industrial oil. |
13–18 |
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V. A. Korotkiy, E. A. Usmanova Bicubic ribbon surface DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-19-27 A bicubic ribbon is a surface of constant width extended along the Ox-axis and formed by a set of rectangular bicubic portions connected to each other with smoothness C1 (continuity of gradient between portions) or C2 (continuity of curvature). Each portion is limited by cubic parabolas lying in vertical planes x=const, y=const. The article presents algorithms for calculating a bicubic band based on the use of boundary curve equations as the main boundary conditions. The «flat corners» conditions are accepted as additional boundary conditions. The proposed approach makes it possible to reduce the size of the characteristic matrix of a system of linear equations with respect to the coefficients included in the equations of bicubic portions. For example, the calculation of 16 coefficients of the equation of a bicubic portion passing through fixed boundary curves reduces to solving a system of four linear equations. Criteria for smooth joining of bicubic portions are formulated (in the form of theorems). Theorem 1 formulates and proves the continuity conditions for the gradient. Theorem 2 contains conditions for the continuity of curvature. Examples of calculation and visualization of C1 and C2- smooth ribbon surfaces, consisting of two or three bicubic portions, are presented. Keywords: bicubic portion, cubic parabola, smoothness conditions, gradient, flat corners, pinched ends. |
19–27 |
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F. N. Pritykin, I. S. Kuznetsov Geometric modeling of the processes of excavation by an excavator in order to prevent damage to the pipeline wall DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-28-34 When controlling the motion of the excavator bucket, the operator controls the translational motions in the hydraulic cylinders, which are generally independent. However, ensuring the motion of the cutting edge of the bucket along a given trajectory (for example, along a horizontal straight line) requires certain skills and additional concentration of attention from the operator. This significantly affects the fatigue of the operator during these works. In this case, it becomes relevant to solve the problem of developing an automated control system that makes it possible to calculate the change in the angles of rotation in the rotary joints of the excavator, which provide the specified motion of the bucket. In this case, the operator can only indicate the start and target points of the trajectory and the direction of motion of the bucket. In the article, based on the research, an algorithm has been developed that allows you to simulate the motion of points of an excavator bucket with a given distance from the upper edge of the pipeline. The results of computer simulation of the motion of the excavator manipulator are presented. Keywords: motion synthesis, excavator arm mechanism, geometric modeling, pipeline repair, computer simulation of motions, output link. |
28–34 |
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K. V. Syzrantseva, N. A. Vasilega Estimation of the probability of failure during operation of a prefabricated cutting tool with replaceable polyhedral plates by nonparametric statistics methods DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-35-43 The article discusses the issues of durability of a prefabricated cutting tool in the process of metal cutting, as well as the risk of loss of its operability. In the course of assessing the probability of tool failure in violation of the established wear criterion, the results of a production experiment are used when roughing the Shaft part made of a rod with a diameter of ø58 mm made of HN77TYUR alloy. The processing of the part is carried out with a prefabricated cutting tool with replaceable polyhedral plates of round and square shape, having a special type of alloys: VK6m, VK8 and T15K6. To evaluate the results obtained and describe their distribution, the authors use the Shapiro–Wilk agreement criterion to check the correlation between the initial data and the corresponding assumption of their normal distribution. Since the obtained production test data do not obey the normal distribution law, the nonparametric Parsen–Rosenblatt method is used for further analysis. Keywords: prefabricated cutting tool, replaceable polyhedral plates, operability, failure probability, Shapiro–Wilk agreement criterion, nonparametric statistics, Parsen–Rosenblatt method, distribution density function. |
35–43 |
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D. I. Chernyavsky, D. D. Chernyavsky Study elastoplastic bending of a sheet blank of different thickness while rolling DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-44-54 The work analyzes the process of rolling the sheet blank to obtain a cylindrical shell of large diameter. The analysis is carried out on the basis of strength calculations of elastoplastic bending of the sheet billet taking into account the springing effect. Springing calculation is carried out on the basis of available ratios of energy of plastic and elastic deformations formed in the material of the sheet blank. Conclusions are drawn and practical recommendations are given, which can be used in the process of adjustment of process parameters of rolling machines. Keywords: cylindrical shells, elastic and plastic deformations, radius of curvature, energy of formation of elastic and plastic deformations, technological parameters of rolling. |
44–54 |
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V. Yu. Yurkov Approximation of planar point sets by point configurations DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-55-59 The paper is devoted to planar linear point sets having hierarchical structure. Point configurations arise naturally in several areas of computational geometry. In the paper, the linear approximation of planar point configurations is discussed. Planar point configuration is considered as a fuzzed and deformed image of some ideal configuration. Also, it may be considered as random realizations of ideal one. Pure images and deformed ones are described by the same hierarchical structures. The structure of approximating configuration is determined a priory. Image approximation is realized by mean of least square restoration. The correspondence of the structures is one of the parameters of approximation. Identification procedure is realized by linear transformations. Similarity transformations as general ones are used in the calculations. Keywords: point set, configuration, approximation, linear transformation, distance. |
55–59 |
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K. V. Averkov, D. S. Makashin The use of technical vision in flexible production systems to determine coordinates of randomly located objects DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-60-66 The article is devoted to the development of an object recognition algorithm using technical vision using Python and the OpenCV computer vision library. The article presents a program that allows you to set the coordinates of an object arbitrarily located in the field of view of the camera, as well as determine its orientation. This data will allow you to perform an effective capture of the object by the grip of the manipulator. In modern mechanical engineering, tasks of this kind are quite relevant, they make it possible to increase the autonomy of flexible production systems and make production safer. Keywords: flexible production system, industrial robot, technical vision, object recognition, object coordinates, orientation of the grip. |
60–66 |
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Zh. A. Nazarova Prospects for development of graphic training of students of technical universities DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-67-72 This article discusses the possibility of developing graphic training for students of technical specialties in the field of information modeling (building information modeling). Currently, building information modeling are an integral part of the construction industry all over the world, and the process of implementation in the Russian Federation is underway to maintain the competitiveness of developers both in the domestic market and in construction abroad. In parallel with the introduction in the construction sector, there are attempts to adapt information modeling in other industries. Against this background, the demand for specialists in the field of information modeling has increased, employees have to retrain not only to work with new software, but also to move away from individual creativity of individual employees or departments to collective work on one project simultaneously by all employees from their workplaces (perhaps even from different cities and countries). In parallel with this, various software being created in the field of information modeling, both in Russia and abroad, most of them are initially aimed at construction, but there are also adaptation options for other fields of activity. In this regard, the issue of actual graphic training of modern specialists has arisen: now it is not enough to teach students to create drawings using CAD and read design documentation, but it is necessary to immediately prepare students for collective creativity, responsibility to the team for the changes made to the project, and most importantly — to show the principles of work in a software product for information modeling. Keywords: higher education, geometric and graphic disciplines, engineering graphics, computer graphics, building information modeling, information modeling. |
67–72 |
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V. Yu. Solomin, L. O. Shtripling Using the Hierarchy Analysis Method when choosing dust cleaning equipment for foundry DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-73-81 One of the most unfavorable operations in terms of dust affect in foundries of both conveyor type and serial and individual production is the knocking out of flasks. In these areas, the highest overall incidence among workers in the foundry is observed. To remove gases and dust from knock-out gratings, mechanical exhausts are installed, the dust-saturated air from which requires further dust cleaning before being released into the atmosphere. Cyclones are the most widely used in dust cleaning systems of such industries, but the choice of dust collectors is a non-trivial task and requires a systematic approach. This article discusses the method of selection and calculation of dust-cleaning equipment on the example of foundry dust based on the hierarchy analysis method. Keywords: dust cleaning, foundries, hierarchy analysis method, dust collector selection, dust collector parameters, local criteria vectors, global priorities vector. |
73–81 |
K. A. Shumilov, Yu. A. Guryeva Plastic forms of architecture in Dynamo-Revit and Grasshopper- Rhino-Archicad DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-82-90 The paper presents the results of research on working with the Dynamo-Revit bundle and Grasshopper- Rhino-Archicad bundle when creating plastic architectural forms of complex geometry. Lotus, Canopy, Parametric Pavilion, Parametric Brick Wall, Small architectural form, Pergola, Beam structure objects are chosen as models for the researching. For the presented architectural objects the least resource intensive nodes and their bundles are selected. Nodes and their bundles in such a way as to optimally use the capabilities of programs and not overload computer resources are selected. The scripts developed in the Dynamo and Grasshopper programs for creating the presented models are briefly described. Explanations for the most significant fragments and full scripts used to work with models are given. The possibilities of the Dynamo and Grasshopper programs for visual (parametric) programming are briefly analyzed. Some possibilities of work of its bundle with Revit and Archicad are studied. The two-way work of the Dynamo- Revit bundle and Grasshopper-Rhino-Archicad bundle for import-export of the model is analyzed, including when changing the code to correct the model. It is advisable to continue working in this direction in order to obtain more concise and universal algorithms (chains of nodes) that allow varying the initial data and options for the shape of plastic architectural objects. Keywords: parametric programming, visual programming, Dynamo, Revit, Grasshopper, Archicad, Rhino, modeling, complex geometry. | 82–90 |
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A. V. Knyazev, Yu. Yu. Cheremukhina Regulatory and methodological support of blockchain technologies DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-91-96 The article provides information on the state of the issue in the field of standardization of development and application of distributed ledger technology and blockchain. The current state in the development of normative documents, including documents on standardization, is analyzed. The international experience in the development of documents on standardization is reflected on the example of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Telecommunication Union, as well as the experience of developing documents in the national standardization system on the example of technical committees for standardization. Possible scenarios for the use of distributed registry technology and blockchain in the national standardization system are considered, taking into account international experience and trends in the development, development and use of national standards in digital formats, as well as promising interaction with other information technologies that are already standardized at the international and national levels. Keywords: information technologies, blockchain, information security, standardization, national standards in digital formats, smart standards, SMART-standards. |
91–96 |
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Yu. S. Yakovleva, A. N. Biryukov Modeling of physical characteristics of heat-accumulating building materials DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-97-104 The article discusses the results of studies of the physical characteristics of heat-accumulating building materials. Modern trends in the production and use of materials determine the need to develop new scientific and methodological devices for assessing the physical characteristics of energy-saving building materials, which will significantly improve the properties of materials, reduce their cost and improve the quality and reliability of structures and products. As such a device, the authors propose the use of a mathematical model, the statistical description of experimental data of which is linear regression. The initial substances for the formation of a microcapsulated heat-accumulating material are selected as input parameters of the system, and the output characteristics are dependent variables (specific heat of the phase transition, compressive strength). Based on the results of experimental studies and using the DataFit program. Keywords: heat storage materials, microcapsules, mathematical model, physical characteristics, regression equation, Fisher criterion, Student criterion. |
97–104 |
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A. A. Sycheva, A. M. Plaksin The functional voxel algorithm for iterative composition of complex contours DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-105-111 The analytical representation most accurately describes the geometry of the simulated objects. However, its application is associated with a number of difficulties. In particular, R-functional modeling imposes high requirements to the qualification of the researcher and may require considerable time for modeling due to recursive nesting of calculations. The application of features of functional-voxel models to simplify R-functional modeling of complex contours is considered. The Function of Local Zeroing is proposed as the main tool for iterative modeling of complex contours, including parametric curves. The method of determining the negative area of FLOZ-constructed contour models for further construction of predicate complex functions by means of R-functional operations is described. Keywords: functional-voxel modeling, FLOZ, FLOZ-construction, functional-voxel arithmetic, R-functional modeling, complex predicate function, complex contour modeling, parametric functions modelling. |
105–111 |
ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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V. V. Kharlamov, Yu. V. Moskalev, A. Yu. Milutin, A. P. Popov Uneven air gap optimization of synchronous machine with permanent rotor magnets DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-112-118 The article proposes an approach to determining the uneven air gap of a synchronous machine with prismatic magnets on the rotor, in which the distribution of the normal component of magnetic induction along the inner circumference of the stator core has a shape close to sinusoidal. The calculation of the magnetic field of an electric machine model with the specified geometric dimensions and properties of the element materials is performed in the FEMM program. To solve the optimization problem, the Hook-Jeeves method is used, restrictions are taken into account by the method of penalty functions. As a result of modeling the magnetic field of an electric machine with a calculated optimal uneven air gap, a distribution curve of the normal component of magnetic induction along the inner circumference of the stator is obtained, the average deviation of which from the sinusoidal curve is 4,8 %.
Keywords: electrical machine, permanent magnet, magnetic field, air gap, optimization. |
112–118 |
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E. B. Koroleva, S. M. Kurmashev, K. K. Kim, A. A. Tkachuk, A. A. Kuznetsov Devices for express diagnostics of power semiconductor devices and semiconductor converters DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-119-125 The increase in the power of power semiconductor converters operated in the railway industry is associated with the use of group connections of power semiconductor devices in them, the variation in the parameters of which, and, therefore, their unequal load, causes a decrease in the reliability of the power semiconductor converters as a whole. In this regard, it becomes necessary to develop and implement innovative methods and devices for express diagnostics in order to identify potentially unreliable semiconductor devices, and the implementation of technical diagnostics should not be associated with dismantling the electrical circuits of the converters. The method is proposed for determining potentially unreliable power semiconductor devices in group connections based on the results of analyzing the distribution of reverse currents in parallel branches, which made it possible to create a series of devices for diagnosing power semiconductor devices in converters, both with and without communication resistors. The methodological error of measurements made using the developed express diagnostics devices of the transducers do not exceed the standard value equal to 10 %.
Keywords: semiconductor device, express diagnostics, reverse current, communication resistors,
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119–125 |
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A. R. Petrov, E. I. Gracheva Modeling of power losses in contact systems of low-voltage switching devices DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-126-133 The article studies the dependences of active power losses in contacts and contact systems of circuit breakers, contactors and magnetic starters on the main parameters of electrical equipment. Models of functional dependences of active power losses on nominal current for low-voltage switching devices of some manufacturers are developed. Approximation functions of these characteristics have been compiled and the value of determination coefficient of the obtained functions of active losses and approximation error have been calculated. Graphical dependences of the investigated parameters of low-voltage equipment are presented.
Keywords: low-voltage switching devices, contact connections, power losses, approximating functions,
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126–133 |
ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION
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S. V. Biryukov Study of electroinductive disk sensor of electric field strength DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-134-139 Tasks related to the protection of biological and technical objects from the effects of electrical are relevant. One of these tasks is related to the development of electric field strength sensors with specified metrological characteristics. The aim of the study is to minimize the error of the known sensor and expand its spatial measurement range due to the rational choice of sensitive elements. The sensor proposed in the work has a negative error δ from the field inhomogeneity modulo no more than 3 % in the spatial measurement range 0≤a≤R, where R is the radius of the disk base of the sensor. To ensure the required metrological characteristics of the sensor, rational dimensions of its sensitive elements are selected. In this case, the rational radius r of the sensing elements made in the shape of a circle must satisfy the condition r<R, i.e. it must be less than the radius R of the disk base of the sensor. If this condition is met, a smaller radius r of the sensing element will correspond to a smaller error δ from the inhomogeneity of the field and a larger spatial measurement range. In comparison with known sensors, with the same error, the proposed sensor has a spatial measurement range approximately five times larger. This approach to the selection of sensitive elements allows us to design sensors with the best metrological characteristics.
Keywords: electric field, homogeneous field, inhomogeneous field, point source, intensity, disk sensor, |
134–139 |
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S. S. Kolmogorova, S. V. Biryukov Using electro-inductive sensor to trace moving and non-moving objects tracked DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-186-140-146 The research carries out a spatial model of path tracking using the dynamic parameters of the object's position, as well as the path of motion of electric field source. The simulation results show high accuracy in estimating the dependence between the electric field components and position modifications. The results are in good agreement with the results of FEM analysis. The connection between the measurement error of the electric field component, horizontal angle, location angle, and tracking accuracy is also used to analyze the tracking performance. In addition, the method can be combined with spatiotemporal coordinates, in which case the configuration becomes appropriate to the current conditions while maintaining maximum efficiency of the estimation system as a whole and allows predicting changes in the position of the object as a field source. Keywords: electrometric measurements, electric field, three-coordinate electroinductive sensor, moving objects. |
140–146 |