no. 3 (187), 2023
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
MECHANICAL
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M. A. Mukutadze, H. N. Abdulrahman, V. E. Shvedova, G. A. Badakhov, N. V. Zinoviev Studies on wear resistance of the radial bearing design taking into account rheological properties of micropolar lubricant DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-5-14 The article is devoted to the development and analysis of a model of the movement of a micropolar lubricant in the working gap of a radial plain bearing with a fluoroplastic-containing antifriction composite polymer coating and with a groove on the supporting surface. New models are obtained on the basis of classical equations in the “thin layer” approximation and the continuity equation, which describe the turbulent mode of motion of a lubricant with micropolar rheological properties. The results of the numerical analysis of the obtained models of existing operational characteristics made it possible to obtain a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the support profile with a fluoroplastic-containing antifriction composite polymer coating with an axial groove. To complete the complex of studies and verify theoretical developments, experimental studies were carried out. The novelty of the work lies in the concretization of the technique of engineering calculations for the design of an effective radial bearing with an antifriction polymer coating with an axial groove on the bearing surface of the bearing bush, taking into account the dependence of the rheological properties of a micropolar lubricant on pressure and temperature in a turbulent mode, which makes it possible to estimate the value of the main operational characteristics: hydrodynamic pressure, load ability and coefficient of friction, as well as to expand the scope of practical application of models for engineering calculations. Thus, the design of a radial bearing with a polymer-coated support profile, a groove 3 mm wide, ensured a stable ascent of the shaft on a hydrodynamic wedge, which experimentally confirmed the correctness of the results of theoretical studies of a radial bearing with a diameter of 40 mm at a sliding speed of 0,32–3 m/s, load 4,9–24,5 MPa. Keywords: radial bearing, wear resistance study, antifriction polymer composite coating, groove, verification, turbulent flow regime, dependence of viscosity on pressure and temperature. |
5–14 |
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V. A. Nekhaev, V. A. Nikolaev, A. N. Smalev, K. O. Seryakov Dynamics of a mechanical system with nonlinear elastic suspension and spectral analysis of the results DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-15-22 The article considers the dynamics of a nonlinear mechanical system under the action of a kinematic perturbation on it. The object's vibration isolation system is described by a rigid cubic power characteristic and is based on compensation of external perturbations - the introduction of an additional elastic element with negative stiffness into the suspension. Numerical modeling of the system was performed, the results of which were analyzed by the method of spectral analysis, based on the representation of the correlation function on a small time interval by a square polynomial. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the pre-resonant and resonant regions, the general solution should consist of three components: a subharmonic of the order of 1/3, the fundamental harmonic, and the third harmonic. It is noted that only the subharmonic of the order of 1/3 and the fundamental harmonic are important in the resonant zone. It is also noted that even simple nonlinear mechanical systems in the study of dynamics should use approximate analytical and numerical methods in combination with spectral analysis, since traditional methods of nonlinear mechanics are not adapted to solving problems, taking into account a relatively large number of harmonic components that appear due to nonlinearity. Keywords: Mechanical system, rigid cubic force characteristic, Duffing equation, approximate analytical methods, mathematical modeling, spectral density (power), subharmonics, frequency response. |
15–22 |
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K. L. Panchuk, T. M. Myasoedova, E. V. Lyubchinov Cyclic surfaces accompanying non-ruled quadrics of rotation DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-23-29 The paper considers the shaping of cyclic surfaces based on nonlinear rotation, in which the axis of rotation and the generatrix in the general case are three-dimensional smooth curves. As a tool for shaping surfaces of non-linear rotation, the method of the accompanying Frenet trihedron, known in the differential geometry of curved lines, is used. The geometric scheme of surface shaping is based on a construction that includes: a curvilinear axis of rotation and a one-parameter set of its normal planes; a generatrix whose points describe in normal planes circular trajectories centered on a curvilinear axis. A mathematical model of shaping the surface of non-linear rotation for the general case of specifying the axis of rotation and the generatrix is given. On the basis of this model, test examples of the formation of surfaces of nonlinear rotation, which are cyclic surfaces, each of which accompanies the corresponding nonlinear quadric of rotation, are considered. In the examples of shaping, the original rectilinear axis of a non-linear quadric of revolution and its generating line, a second-order curve, are functionally interchanged: the second-order curve becomes the rotation axis, and the rectilinear axis becomes the generatrix. The resulting family of surfaces of non-linear rotation belongs to the well-known class in the theory of analytic surfaces "Normal cyclic surfaces". It complements this class and fundamentally differs in the method of shaping. Keywords: non-linear rotation, cyclic surfaces, non-ruled quadrics of rotation, axis of rotation, generatrix. |
23–29 |
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D. V. Kazakov, N. L. Gurzhi, N. E. Kurdagia Development of the algorithm and structure of software for diagnostics of mobile power facilities DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-30-38 The paper develops an algorithm for determining the required diagnostic parameters and performance indicators of mobile power equipment (MPE), which implements the methodology improved by the authors of the non-brake studies of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and moving MPE during the transient process of their acceleration. For the first time, the regularity of recording, processing data from primary converters and the sequence of calculating model parameters is shown, with the possibility of taking into account the characteristics of the transient processes of acceleration of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and the MPE, Thus, the developed algorithm and software structure are able to implement the methodology proposed by the authors of the non-standard studies of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the moving MPE. To fix the required parameters from the primary converters, it is proposed to use the well-known programs CoolEdit2000 v.1.0.2374 and VisualGPS v.4.2.105.1. The article describes in detail each process of the algorithm, reflects the procedure for working with primary information and ways to improve the accuracy of calculations. Keywords: diagnostics of transport, formless tests, traction dynamics, assessment of dynamism, engine power, automation of diagnostics. |
30–38 |
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N. G. Makarenko, Yu. S. Yakovleva, O. A. Mikhalevich Ways to increase the durability of machines and mechanisms DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-39-44 The article deals with the issues of increasing the durability of machines and mechanisms at various stages of the product life cycle. The components on which the durability of equipment. The requirements for the anode materials, the composition of the working fluid, the test results for the implementation of the reparation technology are given. The results of the developed and patented technology for increasing the durability of tribosystem parts are presented, new compositions of working fluids are obtained to implement the method of repair and processing of parts at the manufacturing stage, new devices are developed, manufactured and tested under operating conditions that increase the life of parts at various stages of the product life cycle, new stands for testing of developed technologies. The developed methods, arrangements of machine and mechanism units, which allow to implement wear compensation during operation, provide a significant (1,5–3 times) increase in the resource. Keywords: reliability, durability, storability, coefficient of technical readiness, machines and mechanisms, efficiency. |
39–44 |
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D. S. Makashin The analysis of cutting forces for hardened steel milling DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-45-51 Micro milling is a widely used manufacturing method. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the cutting forces in corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant steel 14Kh17N2. Studies of the full factorial experiment on the processing of steel 14Kh17N2 were carried out using a micro end mill with AlTiN coating. New mathematical models of cutting force and axial force have been developed that are adequately able to predict and optimize the forces acting on the cutting tool. Graphs have been obtained for calculating the minimum required feed per tooth and depth of cut, at which maximum cutting forces and axial forces are provided, which makes it possible to increase the durability of the cutting tool during microfilming. The obtained mathematical models describe the obtained experimental data with 90% or more accuracy. Keywords: production, cutter, cutting forces, feed per tooth, milling strategy, counter milling, helical milling, groove milling. |
45–51 |
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A. Kh. Shamutdinov, I. Yu. Lesnyak The analysis of kinematic rolling pairs such as «cylinder in cylinder» DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-52-59 The article is devoted to the study of specific kinematic pairs used in many areas of mechanical engineering: the so-called «rolling pairs» used in many mechanisms. The study is based on a detailed study of the structure of the «cylinder in cylinder» connection, and their geometric parameters are considered. The analysis was considered by the location of the axes of the cylinders between themselves: when the axes are parallel and when they intersect or intersect at an angle of 90º. This study complements the data in the theory of description of kinematic pairs, in particular, rolling pairs, and makes it possible to synthesize their new types for their rational use in the mechanisms of many industries. Keywords: kinematic pair, rolling pair, cylinder, mobility, constraints (nonholonomic), sliding, rolling, spinning. |
52–59 |
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M. O. Shalnev, Ya. V. Denisova Applying lean manufacturing practices to improve process control in a chemical plant DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-60-67 This article discusses lean manufacturing methods aimed at improving the management of production processes in a chemical plant. The object of the study is the concept of lean production, the subject is the use of its methods in the production of low fission polyethylene in the public joint-stock company Kazanorgsintez. The article provides a brief overview of the methods and tools of lean manufacturing, which are most widely used in Russian industrial enterprises. Based on the example of low-density polyethylene production in Kazanorgsintez Public Joint-Stock Company, recommendations have been developed on the use of lean manufacturing methods to optimize production processes, in particular, the Just-in-Time principle, which is implemented through the use of the automated KANBAN system (at the stage of production of low-density polyethylene ) and the "pull" model (on the example of low-density polyethylene storage). As a result of the study, the prospects for the introduction of methods and tools of lean production at a chemical enterprise are shown. Keywords: lean production, lean production methods, process control, low density polyethylene. |
60–67 |
ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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B. V. Lukutin, M. M. Popov
Improving the technical and economic efficiency of a derivation-type inverter of micro hydro power plant DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-68-76 This article presents a comparative analysis of the technical and economic efficiency of a derivation-type inverter micro hydro power plant with an energy storage system and an auto-ballasted micro hydro power plant. The authors justify the possibility of saving financial resources by reducing the length of the derivation-type micro hydro power plant's pressure pipeline with an energy storage system. To optimally control the generating and transforming equipment of an autonomous power supply system, a control algorithm is proposed based on criteria for limiting the range of hydrogenerator rotational frequencies and ensuring the rational operating mode of the electric energy storage batteries according to the load's power consumption schedule. The possibility of using the charging current of the electric energy storage battery in combination with traditional resistive ballast to create a braking control moment for the hydrogenerator is justified. The article considers issues related to regulating the rational generated power of the hydrogenerator by aligning the power consumption schedule using electric energy storage systems, which allows reducing the length of the pressure pipeline and, consequently, capital costs. Thus, the article represents a comprehensive analysis of the technical and economic efficiency and optimal control of a derivation-type inverter micro hydro power plant with an energy storage system, which can be used in the design and operation of similar power supply systems. Keywords: derivation-type micro hydro power plant, efficiency, energy storage systems, control algorithm, inverter, load curve. | 68–76 |
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A. V. Bublik, V. V. Bublik, N. V. Yesin, D. A. Titanakov The stand for conducting acceptance tests of asynchronous electric machines by method of mutual loading DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-77-83 Improving the reliability and increasing the operational life of electrical equipment of electric rolling stock is one of the eight directions of scientific and technical development of JSC «Russian Railways» described in the target program «Strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation until 2030», approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The solution to the problem of improving operational reliability is associated with comprehensive measures that include a wide range of issues aimed at ensuring the stable operation of rolling stock and its systems. Reliable operation of electric machines, which depends on the quality of repairs, has a significant impact on the operational reliability of electric rolling stock. Keywords: asynchronous electric machines, mutual load method, frequency converter, sine filter, acceptance tests, test benches. | 77–83 |
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O. A. Lysenko Determination of the influence of hydraulic load of centrifugal pump on coordinates of asynchronous frequency-controlled electric drive DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-84-91 The article considers the construction of a simulation model of an electrical complex including an asynchronous electric motor with frequency regulation, driving a centrifugal pump. Fluid pumping stations based on centrifugal pumps with asynchronous electric drives controlled by frequency converters are widely used, which makes the work relevant. Obtaining the dynamic characteristics of these drives makes it possible to understand the relationship of energy distribution, as well as to coordinate the operating modes of its main parts. For this purpose, a simulation model of the electric drive of the liquid pumping station was developed. This simulation model was used to carry out numerical experiments of the system, which includes the power channel of the electric drive, as well as the control system. Simintech software product was used as a modeling environment. In the work, transient processes of the coordinates of the electric drive are obtained under the influence of both the hydraulic load and the power supply. The influence of the hydraulic resistance of the pressure pipeline and static back pressure on the mechanical characteristic of the moment of resistance of the electric drive as a whole is shown. The considered approach for calculating the characteristics makes it possible to evaluate the mutual influence of the coordinates of various physical nature of centrifugal pump installations with an asynchronous frequency-controlled electric motor on each other. Keywords: asynchronous motor; pipeline; centrifugal pump, inverter, transients. |
84–91 |
V. A. Shabanov, A. V. Sorokin The use of phase voltage modules to select the damaged phase in case of single-phase earth faults DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-92-100 In case of short circuits, the selection of damaged phases always precedes the determination of the damage location. To select the damaged phase, filter selector of the damaged phase are widely used, using symmetrical components of phase currents. In networks with an isolated neutral, the phase currents during a ground fault are determined mainly by load currents and in most cases the phase current of the damaged phase differs little from the currents in the undamaged phases. Therefore, phase currents and their symmetrical components are not used to select the damaged phase in single-phase short circuits. To select the damaged phase in networks with an isolated neutral, the properties of the phase voltage modules and the neutral offset voltage are used. Single-phase earth faults occur, as a rule, through fault resistances, the values of which can reach several thousand ohms. Therefore, the study of devices for selecting the damaged phase using voltage modules with single-phase earth faults through significant fault resistances is an urgent task. The purpose of the article is to investigate the properties and consider the directions of improvement of damaged phase sensors using phase voltage modules, to determine the areas of their selective action depending on the magnitude of the fault resistance at the point of damage. Describe algorithms in which the voter will act selectively both with metal damages and with damages through fault resistance. Keywords: single-phase earth faults, device for selecting the damaged phase, fault resistance. | 92–100 |
E. V. Petrova Analytical method for calculating losses in overhead lines of electric power systems taking into account changes in load and weather conditions DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-101-108 In this article, the subject of research is methods for calculating active power losses in electric power overhead lines, taking into account the temperature dependence of active resistances. An analytical approach based on the Ferrari method for calculating the wire temperature and active power losses under conditions of forced convection is proposed and substantiated in detail. The peculiarity of the approach is universality, which is expressed in the fact that the developed mathematical model allows us to consider non-insulated and insulated wires on power transmission lines from a single position. The results of calculating the temperature and active power losses by the proposed method, the least squares method and the iterative method are presented. The high accuracy of the coincidence of the results obtained by various methods is noted. Keywords: wire temperature, heat balance equation, forced convection, temperature dependence of resistance, loss of active power, overhead power lines. | 101–108 |
A. V. Prudiy, Yu. M. Lyashenko Results of kinetostatic research of road energy harvesting system with slider-rocker mechanism DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-109-115 The base factor of accidents with pedestrians is zero visibility as revealed by Russian auto statistic. Drivers have a poor view of pedestrians and crosswalk at twilight and night against road sign. Currently autonomous wind turbines and solar panels are used for improve of road safety. From another angle practice possibility of equipment type as road energy harvesting system is studying scientific collaboration. Operation of the systems is based on car motion energy conversion to electrical energy. The research goal is force determination acting in mechanism of road energy harvesting system. As a result of force study of road energy harvesting system, the forces in mechanical energy converter to electrical energy are determined when a car pass. On generator shaft torque is created equal 393 N∙m when typical car passes with 1600 kg mass by way road energy harvesting system from the performed calculations. Moreover, in generator resistive torque produces with value depending speed of moving car: at speed of 20 km/h the resistive torque is 115 N∙m; at speed of 30 km/h resistive torque is 260 N∙m; at speed of 40 km/h resistive torque is 390 N∙m. The energy amount saved by flywheel is directly proportional to speed and has values: at speed of 20 km/h energy is 47 J; at speed of 30 km/h energy is 105 J; at speed of 40 km/h energy is 165 J. The calculation data show that road energy harvesting system is operable with given parameters of construction elements. Keywords: road energy harvesting system, self-generated energy sources, energy of the transport flow, speed bump, renewable energy. | 109–115 |
ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION
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V. I. Glukhov, L. G. Varepo Unified reference system for geometric characteristics dimensional elements of details. Part I. The theory of two dimensions maximum and minimum DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-116-124 A unified reference system for geometric characteristics is based on the classification of joints of applied mechanics, in which the class number is determined by the number of degrees of freedom limited by mating elements of parts and has received the short term «informativeness». Different information content of the bases of elements that materialize coordinate systems determines different information content of the coordinate axes – four, two, zero and different information content of design planes – three, two, one. The paper shows that the information content of elements in the functions of auxiliary bases and executive elements determines the number and type of coordinates (linear and angular), with the help of which it is necessary to set their position in the generalized coordinate system of the part. It is shown that the accuracy of coordinating dimensions should be specified by symmetrical tolerances for linear and angular dimensions. Keywords: workpiece coordinate systems, design bases, actuating elements, informativeness of elements, linear and angular coordinates, dimensions of material maximum and minimum. |
116–124 |
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A. A. Kuznetsov, N. V. Volkova, K. I. Fomichenko, D. M. Korshunov Improving the accuracy of determining corrosion products in reinforced concrete structures by atomic emission spectrum analysis DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-125-130 To determine the composition of inhomogeneous samples using the method of laser-spark emission spectrometry, calibration dependences are used, which can have significant systematic errors that significantly affect the determination of the quantitative composition of elements. Sample inhomogeneity also causes inaccuracies in replicate measurements. To reduce errors, multi-signal calibration and internal standard methods are used, which can significantly improve accuracy when changing experimental conditions and eliminate the need to purchase expensive standard samples. Keywords: concrete, corrosion products, atomic emission spectral analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, calibration graph, error components, stable calibration function. |
125–130 |
A. B. Ionov, N. S. Chernysheva, B. P. Ionov, M. A. Ryabova Simulation of the effect of absorption by atmospheric water vapor on the results of non-contact temperature measurements DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-131-139 The article investigates the effect of atmospheric water vapor on the results of non-contact temperature measurements carried out in the range from 100 to 600 °C. It is known that the key disadvantage of radiation thermometry is a rather strong dependence of the measurement results on external factors: the state of the surface of the object, as well as the state of the environment for the propagation of radiation from the object to the thermometer. Water vapor constantly present in the atmosphere selectively absorbs the infrared radiation of the object, which leads to underestimation of the results. This effect depends on the humidity and temperature of the air, as well as on the distance between the object and the radiation thermometer. On the basis of the simulation performed using the MATLAB system and the HITRAN molecular spectroscopy database, the values of random and systematic errors were calculated for four measurement situations typical of industrial conditions that differ in the level of absorption by water vapor. Eleven variants of radiation receivers with unique spectral sensitivity characteristics were studied. It is shown that the effect of absorption of the infrared radiation of an object by water vapor can lead to a significant decrease in the reliability of measurements carried out even at short distances. Keywords: non-contact temperature measurements, radiation thermometer, thermographic camera, water vapor, relative humidity, molecular absorption, HITRAN database. | 131–139 |
M. N. Lyutikova, S. V. Nekhoroshev, V. M. Muratova, P. R. Semenyuk, A. S. Gadzhiyeva On the feasibility of monitoring the content of phenolic compounds in transformer oil DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2023-187-140-148 It is known that in order to restrain the process of oxidation of transformer oil, and, accordingly, to extend its service life, an antioxidant additive ionol is added to it. Previously, specialists using the method of chromato-mass spectrometry established the fact of the formation of new phenolic compounds in oil along with the consumption of the inhibitory additive ionol, namely, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP) and 2, 6-di-tert-p-benzoquinone. These phenolic compounds, as well as ionol, belong to the class of sterically hindered phenols, which, in turn, are able to inhibit the oxidation of oil during its operation in oil-filled transformer equipment, in particular, power transformers and current transformers. This article presents results showing that as ionol is consumed, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol accumulates in oil from transformers. To the greatest extent, this trend is noticeable for current transformers equipped with air-drying filters (the so-called "free breathing"). The formation of 2,6-DTBP in oil can serve as an indicator of accelerated aging of the oil as a result of its prolonged contact with atmospheric oxygen. Changes in additive concentrations during oil aging were controlled using a new technique developed by us, based on IR spectroscopy. Keywords: high voltage transformer, transformer oil, antioxidant additive, phenolic compounds, IR spectroscopy, aging markers.
| 140–148 |