no. 4 (192), 2024
ОМСКИЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК
МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ
| M. A. Mukutadze, P. V. Kharlamov, V. M. Prikhodko, E. A. Bolgova, V. E. Shvedova Evaluation of the wear resistance of the modified radial bearing design considering the compressibility and viscosity of the micropolar lubricant DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-5-13 The research includes the development and analysis of a mathematical model of the micropolar lubricant flow in the working gap of a modified design of an infinite radial sliding bearing, taking into account compressibility and the effect of pressure on the rheological properties of the lubricant. Considering the lubricant compressibility, the authors took into account the dependence of the viscosity and density of the lubricant on high pressure. Under typical conditions of radial bearings, significant loads can cause changes in the properties of the lubricant, which affects its ability to form a stable lubricating film. Therefore, the introduction of compressibility parameters into the model allows more accurately predicting the behavior of the lubricant and the effectiveness of lubrication in various operating modes. The new model has been developed by the well-known equations of the flow of a micropolar lubricant, the continuity and the state equation. A comparative analysis of the numerical result of theoretical models and experimental research is carried out. Thus, the research represents a significant contribution to the field of radial bearings sphere. The obtained results can be used for further improvement of bearing designs, which allows increasing their reliability and durability of mechanical engineering. Keywords: modified radial bearing design, wear resistance assessment, antifriction polymer coating, laminar flow mode, micropolar lubricant, hydrodynamic flow mode. |
5–13 |
| K. L. Panchuk, T. M. Myasoedova, E. V. Lyubchinov Mathematical model of the formation of cyclic and channel surfaces based on nonlinear rotation DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-14-21 This work is a continuation of the series of works by the authors devoted to the issues of shaping surfaces of nonlinear rotation. The geometric scheme for the formation of surfaces of this class includes: an axis of nonlinear rotation, which is a smooth, generally spatial curve, and a forming line, also a smooth spatial curve. When the generating line rotates relative to the curvilinear axis, each point of the generating line describes a circumferential trajectory in the corresponding normal plane of the rotation axis. As a result, a surface of nonlinear rotation is formed, which is a normal cyclic surface. In this work, in order to develop the research results previously obtained by the authors in the field of shaping surfaces of nonlinear rotation, the solution to the inverse problem of shaping is considered and a mathematical justification is given for the possibility of shaping a channel surface based on solutions to the direct and inverse problems. The work provides numerical examples of the formation of the surfaces under consideration, accompanied by mathematical models of surfaces, their computer implementation and visualization. The research results can be useful in the development of CAD systems that involve the design of surface forms of products based on cyclic and channel surfaces in mechanical engineering, construction, architecture and other practical fields. Keywords: nonlinear rotation, mathematical model, smoothness of function, shaping, cyclic surface, inverse problem, channel surface. | 14–21 |
| L. A. Sladkova, V. V. Fokin Modification of changes in the stress-strain state of crane slewing gear elements while operational conditions DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-22-28 Despite the high technical level of hoisting equipment purchased abroad, a catastrophic failure of the slewing bearings of these cranes occurs after 3-5 years of service instead of the regulated 15 years. The most characteristic are: wear of 6-polyamide cassettes, cages of gear teeth and turntable; rolling elements falling out of the turntable; squeezing out the sealing tape. To identify the hidden cause of premature failure of the slewing rings of «Liebherr» cranes, the authors carried out the experiment during loading and unloading operations, which shows the tendency of warming up the elements of the slewing support, considering the cyclic nature of the crane operation. It has been established that this process is linear both for cassettes (polyamide 6 material), in which the rolling elements are located, and for the rolling elements themselves (bearing steel). For 5 loading cycles, the rolling elements warm up to a 40 mm depth to a temperature of about 40-45° C. The proposed working hypothesis allows identifing the hidden cause of premature failure of the slewing support of «Liebherr» cranes operating in central Russia. A change in the stress-strain state of the cassette is established, leading to an increase in wear of the cassettes and rolling elements, since stresses arise between the end of the roller surface and the cassette in the direction of the contact plane. Keywords: self-propelled jib crane, design diagrams, stress-strain state, slewing support, failures, warm-up, wear, working process. |
22–28 |
| V. Yu. Yurkov Interval sets in applied geometry DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-29-34 Geometric modeling of interval sets of multidimensional space is considered. The interval set is determined as a set of k-planes of uncertain interval parameters. Interval parameters may be given by means of interval basis which are k-simplexes having vertex coordinates which are not fully presented (only up to range of values). Geometric images of the sets have combinatorial structure formed by some part of the space and bordered by a set of peace linear hyper-surfaces. Analytic model is a system of interval equations which may be transformed to equations with uncertain parameters. The set of interval parameters generate an interval function and geometric image of it is some domain in parametric space. Analyses of mutual position of all domains allows us to determine the behavior of interval sets. Some properties of interval line sets are considered in detail as examples of the proposed approach. Keywords: geometric model, interval set, parametric determination, k-plane, piecewise linear structure, interval parameter, hyper-plane. |
29–34 |
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A. Kh. Shamutdinov, I. Yu. Lesnyak Theoretical study of kinematic pairs «torus with torus» based on geometric kinematics DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-35-43 The article presents a theoretical study of kinematic pairs known as «rolling pairs» used in many areas of mechanical engineering, in particular, mechanisms. The research concerns such bodies (links) as geometric tori, which are well-known bodies of rotation. Fr om the geometric kinematics, new representations of the mechanical motions of a torus in a «torus-torus» connection are described without the reasons that cause this motion. Two options for connecting two tori are analyzed: the axes of the tori are parallel and perpendicular. By analogy, the analysis of kinematic pairs of this type expands the elements of kinematic pairs theory and allows developing their new variants in many mechanisms used in various fields of mechanical engineering. Keywords: kinematic pair, rolling pair, torus, mobility, mobility matrix, sliding, rolling, spinning. |
35–43 |
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R. N. Pigilova, F. M. Filippova, Yu. A. Averyanova Reduction of injury rate when introducing automated control systems of production processes at energy enterprises The research examines a number of measures to prevent accidents at industrial enterprises. Therefore, the study of the most likely dangerous and harmful production factors and a statistical analysis of emergency situations in the energy sector of the industry over the past seven years were initially conducted. The research showed that an automated process control system is the most effective tool: it provides operational information about the process, the condition of equipment and controls, significantly reduces non-production costs and energy losses. It is proposed to strengthen the automated process control system by integrating operational dispatch control modules and maintenance of the production process in order to reduce injuries due to the human factor. Keywords: production organization, risks, dangers, accident, energy enterprise, software control of the technological process, human factor. |
44–51 |
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A. S. Baldina Building cost management systems for quality assurance at Russian defense enterprises DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-52-57 The article examines the issues of system management of quality assurance costs at Russian defense enterprises. The relevance of the work is determined by the increased requirements for saving resources that are currently imposed on enterprises of the military-industrial complex. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for building a quality cost management system at Russian defense enterprises based on a process approach. This work is based on the results of research by Russian and foreign scientists in the field of quality cost management, reflected in scientific articles, monographs, textbooks. In addition, publications of practitioners in the field of quality management in industry journals and on specialized Internet portals were used. The author offers a generalized model of the system of formation of costs for ensuring the quality of products. When managing quality costs, it is proposed to initially start fr om the prices of the designed products. On their basis, the optimal (taking into account existing conditions) production cost of products is calculated. Cost data is used as a guideline for R&D. Special attention is paid to the formation of responsibility centers in the quality cost management system. Keywords: quality management, quality assurance, quality costs, defense enterprises, military-industrial complex, process approach. |
52–57 |
K. A. Brazhnikova, D. E. Ilts Methodological recommendations for assessing the quality of science and technology project management process at the scientific research stage on the basis of higher education institution DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-58-66 The research presents the analysis of the existing tools for ensuring the quality of the process of the scientific and technical projects management at all stages of the life cycle, implemented on the basis of higher education institution. The authors studied the life cycle of the project fr om the scientific idea to the final production or license sale and the stage of research and development, for which the proposed recommendations are considered. Moreover, the conceptual bases of the quality of scientific and technical project management process for the purpose of successful commercialization by the example of oil product container development are formed. Methodical recommendations on risk management of scientific and technical project are demonstrated. The presented materials can be used in the development of methodological recommendations for assessing the quality of the management of scientific and technical project to obtain the appropriate economic effect. Keywords: science and technology project, commercialization, quality, process, risks, management, life cycle, higher education institution. | 58-66 |
ЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА
| M. Ya. Kletsel, E. V. Petrova, S. S. Girshin, V. A. Krivolapov, V. N. Goryunov, V. M. Trotsenko Increasingthe capacity of electric grids based on the integration of meteorological data DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-67-75 The efficient and sustainable functioning of energy systems is a critical element for supplying of electricity necessary to maintain the vital functions of modern society. Therefore, the integration of meteorological data into the management of electrical grids is becoming increasingly important. Meteorological data, such as information on weather conditions, temperature, wind and precipitation, play an essential role in the operational and strategic management of power systems. Their use allows optimizing the operation of generating and distribution stations, using the maximum capacity of lines, as well as improve the planning of repair work and infrastructure upgrades. On the basis of the weather conditions, operators of electric power grids can make more informed decisions regarding the distribution and management of energy resources. The research is aimed at determining the role of meteorological data in the management strategies of modern energy systems. Keywords: wire temperature, long-term planning, electric grids, efficiency of power systems, energy saving, overhead power transmission lines. | 67–75 |
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V. V. Kharlamov, D. I. Popov, P. S. Sokolov Mathematical model of an electrical complex with the device of electrical energy storage for testing induction motors DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-76-82 The research highlights the problem of developing repair infrastructure for new rolling stock, including those with asynchronous traction motors. Therefore, an electrical engineering complex for testing asynchronous motors was chosen as the object of research. The scheme of testing a pair of asynchronous machines using the method of mutual loading is considered. To smooth out current surges in transient modes, an electric energy storage device is used in this scheme. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of the test circuit in question was obtained, which considered an energy storage device connected to a DC link of the test circuit. The solution of the test problem to verify the operability of the considered circuit showed its high efficiency in smoothing current surges in transient modes in the mutual load circuit. Keywords: mathematical model, electric energy storage, electrical engineering complex, mutual load, asynchronous motor, short-circuited rotor, test bench, transient mode. | 76–82 |
S. S. Girshin, V. A. Deev, E. V. Petrova, O. V. Kropotin, V. A. Krivolapov, V. N. Goryunov Refined analysisof the lim it modes of overhead power lines DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-83-90 The article analyzes the limiting modes of overhead power transmission lines in terms of heating and voltage losses. The equations linking the wire temperature, voltage loss, load power, cooling conditions and line parameters are obtained. Depending on the length, three characteristic regions can be distinguished in which the limiting modes are determined either only by heating, or only by voltage loss, or both. A combined limit mode is considered separately, in which the wire temperature and voltage loss simultaneously assume the maximum permissible values. New refined criteria for assessing the admissibility of the line mode have been obtained. As an example, the AC-240 line with a 220 kV voltage of varying length is considered, for which a number of dependencies characterizing the areas of existence and conditions for the occurrence of lim it modes are constructed. Keywords: lim it modes of lines, heat balance equation, overhead power lines, wire temperature, voltage losses, permissible current. |
83–90 |
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O. V. Kosareva-Volodko, Alilu Sani Maman Kabiru Design and simulation of photovoltaic systems usingPVsystem software DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-91-99 Photovoltaic energy system is one of the most popular and quickly expanding renewable energy sources because of its great availability, enormous potential, and environmental sustainability. In addition, photovoltaic systems produce clean energy and not pollutant thus contributing to the fight against global warming. Photovoltaic system requires less maintenance given the absence of mechanical components, and it can be also integrated to the electrical grid. The objective of this research is proposed an effective method for designing and Modeling of an 11 MWp photovoltaic plant capacity connected to the national grid of Niger by using software PVsyst. Method: choice of the type of system (system connected to the network), the geographic location of the installation site using the software database. Then comes the orientation of the photovoltaic system, the choice of the technology of the photovoltaic system (photovoltaic panels, inverters, transformers... etc) and their calibrations, Study of detailed losses (system losses, wiring losses and array losses) and execution of the command to simulate the system. Results: design and simulation model of an 11MWp photovoltaic power plant was developed composed of 29120 photovoltaic panels with a power of 385 Wp each, 133 MPPT inverters with a power of 66 KWac each and a Medium Voltage transformer with a capacity of 11 MW. The project has been simulated and results obtained has been analyzed. Practical significance of the research: Design and Simulation of photovoltaic system using the software allows the engineers, academics and researchers to acquire skills in the design and simulation of photovoltaic systems. Keywords: photovoltaic module, inverter, photovoltaic system, solar power plant, MPPT solar trackers, PVsystem modeling. |
91–99 |
O. A. Lysenko Fluid flow observer for an asynchronous electric drive of a centrifugal pump DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-100-107 The article examines the development of a system for monitoring the volumetric supply of liquid in pumping units. The relevance of the research is due to the growing requirements for automation of control of pumping systems. The key element of the system is the observer, which allows evaluating the main parameters of the installation, such as the pump rotation speed and the moment of resistance. The electric drive of the pump uses an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, the rotation speed of which is controlled. The pressure in the discharge pipeline is created by a centrifugal pump. The observer is based on a model of an asynchronous motor in a fixed coordinate system, and the Luenberger observer is used to estimate the rotation speed and torque of the pump. To identify the volume flow, a centrifugal pump model is used, parameterized by a second-degree polynomial. The authors present simulation results showing the high accuracy of the developed observer, with an error of no more than 3% in steady state. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for constructing a monitoring system for pumping units. Keywords: flow identifier, asynchronous electric drive, Luenberger observer, centrifugal pump, double squirrel cage rotor, pumping unit. | 100-107 |
ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, ФОТОНИКА, ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И СВЯЗЬ
| I. V. Bogachkov Analysis of characteristics of Mandelstam–Brillouin scattering in varieties of erbium optical fibers DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-108-116 The research presents the results of testing the Mandelstam–Brillouin scattering parameters for several types of optical fibers doped with erbium and cerium ions. The obtained Brillouin reflectograms of different types are shown. The frequency characteristics of Brillouin scattering are drawn. Estimates of the initial values of the Brillouin frequency shift and the behavior of the reflectograms of the back reflected signal level for the studied fiber varieties are presented. A comparative analysis of the obtained parameters of various types of erbium optical fibers is carried out. Keywords: Mandelstam–Brillouin backscatter spectrum, Brillouin reflectometry, erbium optical fiber, optical fiber with addition of erbium and cerium, Brillouin spectrum profile, Brillouin frequency shift, classification of fibers | 108–116 |
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A. V. Volkov, A. M. Dobrenko, N. A. Drobnitskiy, A. A. Druzhinin, D. V. Mylkin, M. O. Sheykin Measurement and optimization of inductive elements in control systems of combined heat and power supply based on renewable energy sources DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-117-124 The article deals with the role of inverter technology in the future development of renewable energies, existing methods for measuring the loss power of inductive elements and their further development, which are used in pulse or resonance inverters for heating and energy supply based on renewable energies. The research presents an overview of the existing methods and their applicability for measuring the power loss of inductive elements. A new approach is proposed for the preliminary estimation of the power loss of inductive elements based on measurements that approximate real operating conditions. The actual state of the technology in this field is described and the functional concept of test current generators is presented. The difficulties in separating the power loss into individual components are considered and the characteristics of the measurement method for solving this problem are addressed. In addition, the physical causes of the individual components of power losses in inductive elements are discussed and recommendations for minimizing are demonstrated. Keywords: power loss measurement, inductive elements, test current generator, power loss separation, inductive element optimisation, inverter technology, renewable energy sources, micro hydroelectric power plants. |
117–124 |
E. A. Abidova Decision support algorithm to prevent hardware failures DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-125-133 Diagnostic systems implemented at many industrial facilities are designed to detect defects in a timely manner, thereby prevent sudden failures with subsequent equipment downtime, accompanied by economic losses. Most diagnostic systems are based on making a decision about the serviceability or malfunction of an object based on comparing diagnostic parameters with threshold values. The problem with this approach is that going beyond the set limits is fixed after the equipment has lost maintainability or requires complex expensive repairs. Therefore, the goal is early and reliable detection of defects in electromechanical equipment. The goal is achieved by developing an algorithm for detecting the beginning of a deviation in a time series consisting of sequentially recorded diagnostic parameters. The algorithm is based on the consistent application of singular spectrum analysis and allows not only timely detecting of deviations, but also assessing the probability of a decision error. Data processing algorithm is investigated on data sets generated in accordance with the specified laws of change. Moreover, the possibility of timely and reliable detection of defects has been demonstrated on a real set of diagnostic data. The implementation of the algorithm in the management of equipment condition will contribute to improving the safety and efficiency of production facilities. Keywords: diagnostic system, vibration control, detection of changing points, state management, decision errors, singular spectral analysis. |
125–133 |
A. I. Cheredov, A. V. Shchelkanov Current-to-frequency converter based on oscillistor effect DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-134-138 The possibility of direct current measuring converters construction measuring converted direct current, realizing straightdirect current-to-frequency conversion of current into frequency of alternating current or voltage is considered. An oscillistor made of electronic germanium is used as an element realizing this conversion. The dependences of frequency on current obtained in the course of theoretical and experimental studies are given. The device of the current-frequency converter is shown and its characteristics are given. Keywords: converter, oscillistor, current fluctuations, frequency, electric field, voltage. electron-hole plasma, transducer, oscillisator, current oscillations, frequency, electric field, field strengthintensity. | 134–138 |
S. M. Kulyasov, D. M. Chetter, A. N. Lyashuk Theoretical assessment of the stability of a digital thermocompensated quartz oscillator with temperature sensor based on two auxiliary quartz oscillators DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-139-149 The article provides a theoretical limit assessment of the stability of a digital thermocompensated quartz oscillator with a temperature sensor based on two auxiliary quartz oscillators. The results are 7,5 ppb (for a restless environment) and 0,75 ppb (for a calm environment). Technical solutions are considered for obtaining a linear one-to-one dependence of the difference frequency value on temperature and increasing the steepness of this dependence. The proposed solutions allow obtaining a temperature measurement resolution of up to 0,001 єС. Keywords: temperature sensor, quartz oscillator, thermocompensation, temperature stability, calm environment, restless environment. | 139–149 |
Самандари Али Мирдан Перспективные системы для управления протезами: обзор DOI: 10.25206/1813-8225-2024-192-150-160 Люди с ограниченными возможностями в условиях стремительной научнотехнической революции надеются, что она преодолеет лишь оказание им поддержки и найдет подходящие решения, чтобы вести нормальную жизнь. Взаимодействие наук между собой учитывает проблему физических недостатков и, в частности, потерю как верхних, так и нижних конечностей. Современные протезы являются продуктом пересечения науки и технологической революции и все еще находятся на пути своего становления, поскольку содержат исполнительные механизмы, которые могут управляться сигналами мозга по принципу нейроинтерфейсов. Методы нейровизуализации, такие как электромиография, функциональная инфракрасная спектроскопия и электроэнцефалография, являются превосходными методами управления этими современными протезами, которые можно смоделировать по двум функциям, а именно по независимой работе и гибридной работе. В свете этих данных статья рассматривает эти системы в их индивидуальных и гибридных состояниях. Кроме того, в статье указывается, какой из этих методов может быть выбран в качестве предпочтительной системы. Область применения методологии исследования ограничена методами нейровизуализации в отношении сценариев неврологической реабилитации и восстановления утраченных функций. Обзор имеет три направления. Первое направление собирает, обобщает и оценивает информацию из соответствующих исследований, опубликованных за последнее десятилетие. Второе представляет важные результаты предыдущих экспериментальных результатов в этой области в отношении текущих исследований. Исследование было проведено систематически, чтобы предоставить всем экспертам и ученым полное представление и основанные на доказательствах методы управления протезами. Третья часть заключается в выявлении широкой области знаний, требующей дальнейшего изучения, и отслеживании последовательности научных достижений в этих системах и возможности интеграции между собой для создания наиболее перспективной системы управления протезами. Ключевые слова: инвалидность, электроэнцефалография, электромиография, функциональная инфракрасная спектроскопия, гибридный интерфейс мозгкомпьютер, система управления, операторы, протезы. | 150–160 |