Vol. 7, no. 3, 2022
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTS
HISTORY
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V. I. Shishkin Soviet historiography of 1920s on buffer statehood in Russian Civil War period in the East of Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-9-19 The article analyzes Soviet publications of the 1920s studied the buffer statehood in the east of Russia during the period of the Russian Civil War and finds out their contribution to the development of the research problem in Russian historiography. The article concludes by arguing that the main contribution proposed in this field by them are exploring previously unknown unique historical sources and opening them for wide public access; use of different methodological approaches to studying the buffer state and statehood phenomenon; presentation of diverse opinions on the goals of buffer statehood and interpretations of its essence in the form of the Far Eastern Republic. The article shows that the publications of the 1920s has a different fate: some were immediately forgotten or deliberately ignored, others were used by the followers situationally and/or opportunistically, and others remained in demand at all stages of the development of Soviet historiography and even used by some modern authors who studied the Irkutsk Political Center and the Far Eastern Republic. Keywords: Soviet Russia, Russian Civil War, Bolsheviks, Eastern Russia, Political center, buffer,Far Eastern Republic (FER), historiography. |
9-19 |
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E. V. Kamaeva Financial documents of Komsomol organizations as the source of Komsomol history in 1960s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-20-27 The article analyzes the informational potential of financial documents of Komsomol organizations, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The source base for the study is composed of documents from the financial departments of Komsomol organizations deposited in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan and the State Archive of Contemporary History of the Ulyanovsk Region. The purpose of the article is to analyze a wide range of financial documents and determine their historical worth when studying the history of the Komsomol in the 1960s. The financial and economic department of the administration of the Central Committee of the AllUnion Leninist Young Communist League was engaged in the preparation of the budget for the Komsomol organization and the distribution of funds for grassroots committees. The analysis of financial documents of the Komsomol makes it possible to trace the sources of funds in the conditions of the termination of state subsidies in the 1960s and highlight the priority areas of work of the Komsomol. The documents of the regional Komsomol organizations reflect the material condition and financial support of grassroots committees. The author notes a certain complexity of the classification of financial documents in modern source criticism literature. The author proposes the use of the term «financial and reporting documentation», which includes the budget, financial statements, balance sheets, distribution of funds by budget items. This material may be of scientific interest in the study of certain periods and directions in the history of the Komsomol. Keywords: financial documents, historical source, Komsomol organizations, Central Committee of the Komsomol, Department of Affairs of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. |
20-27 |
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E. E. Shumilova The journal «Bulletin of the Police» as a source for studying the history of crime in Russian Empire during the First World War DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-28-33 The paper analyzes the structure and content of the journal «Bulletin of the Police» on the basis of archival materials as a valuable historical source that allows reconstructing data on the dynamics and nature of crime in the Russian Empire during the First World War. From the standpoint of the theory of historical everyday life, it is argued that the distinctive features of the journal «Bulletin of the Police» are the regularity of coverage of criminal crime on the pages of the publication, a wide geographical coverage and a detailed description of events, as well as the publication of court photographs. At the same time, from a source point of view, this publication has a number of drawbacks, among which there is a onesided positive coverage of the work of the police in the fight against crime, the bureaucratic style of presentation of many published articles, as well as the silencing of many problematic issues in the field of studying crime during the war period and measures to combat it. The paper substantiates the conclusion that for a deep and comprehensive scientific analysis of the dynamics of crime in the Russian Empire during the First World War, this historical source contains extremely important information that allows revealing the state of the criminogenic situation from the perspective of everyday life and the activities of police agencies and displaying its results in the public mind. Keywords: the First World War, the Russian Empire, crime, historical source, the journal «Bulletin of the Police». |
28-33 |
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K. A. Zarubina Propaganda and agitation activities of Social Revolutionaries in Kursk province in the late XIX–early XX century as a manifestation of political criminality DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-34-39 The annotation examines the forms of agitation and propaganda work of the Social revolutionaries in the Kursk province in the late XIX–early XX century, from the point of view of their relevance to criminally punishable acts. The urgency of the problem is due to the need to study regional aspects for a comprehensive study of the topic. To do this, the article analyzes the criminal legislation in force during this period in order to detect articles aimed at combating political agitation and propaganda. The paper presents an analysis of the main criminal laws, examines the grounds for bringing to criminal responsibility for the compilation, storage, reproduction, distribution of politically dangerous literature, making public speeches questioning the course implemented by the state. The agitation and propaganda activities of the Kursk Social revolutionaries have been studied, the necessary conclusions have been drawn. Keywords: political agitation, political propaganda, Social revolutionaries, appeals, banned literature, political crime, political terror |
34-39 |
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A. L. Kiselev The issue of checks by Vladivostok branch of State Bank in 1920 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-40-48 The paper analyzes the issue of the Vladivostok branch of the State Bank of checks with a face value of 1000 rubles in January 1920, which became an attempt to replenish the stocks of banknotes to overcome the financial crisis that arose as a result of the Civil War and military intervention in the Russian Far East. The purpose of the work is to analyze known and, introducing into scientific circulation, identified historical sources that clarify and reveal certain issues when making a decision and organizing the issuance of checks by the Vladivostok branch of the State Bank. The theoretical basis of the study is a systematic approach and a comparative historical method. The author comes to the conclusion about the failure of issuance measures at the issuance stage, due to the intervention of counterfeiters. The failure of the checks increased the influence of foreign exchange in the region. The publication is addressed to researchers of financial policy during the Civil War and intervention in Russia. Keywords: Civil War, currency, money issue, financial policy, money surrogates, State Bank, counterfeiting, notaphily, Vladivostok. |
40-48 |
PHILOSOPHY
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A. V. Nekhaev Buridan’s Sophisms, Alethic Predicates and Anaphoric Prosententialism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-49-56 The article presents a unified method for diagnosis and treatment various semantic pathologies (Buridan’s sophisms, Liar-like sentences, etc.). The basis of this approach is a modified version of prosententialism, in which the terms ʽtrueʼ and ʽfalseʼ are considered as markers for the types of relations between truth values of pathological sentences. Unlike Russell-Tarski hierarchical approach, it pays tribute to the intuitive claim of the s Keywords: Liar paradox, self-reference, Buridan’s sophisms, hypodoxes, anaphoric prosententialism. |
49-56 |
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R. L. Kochnev Pride and Prejudice against Personal Identity DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-57-63 The study is devoted to a reconstruction of David Hume’s views on personal identity issues. The affect of pride is considered as a possible criterion. Potential ethical consequences of such a view on the nature of personality and conditions for its identity are analyzed. Keywords: David Hume, identity, pride, moral responsibility. |
57-63 |
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E. V. Loginov Strawson, Responsibility, and Fittingness DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-64-68 In this article I am developing Peter Strawsonʼs theory of moral responsibility. I am trying to show that it can be freed from sentimentalism and at the same time preserve what makes it attractive for metaphysical discussions about free will. The basis of my strategy is to rethink the concept o Keywords: freedom, moral emotion, moral responsibility, fittingness. |
64-68 |
ECONOMY
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M. V. Shatokhin, T. G. Antropova, N. M. Surai, E. N. Sepiashvili Import substitution policy in Russia under conditions of overcoming external sanction pressure DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-69-76 The article is devoted to revealing the role of import substitution policy in the development of the domestic market. The article examines foreign approaches to the implementation of import substitution. The analysis of the main groups in the commodity structure of Russian imports for the period 2017–2021 is carried out. The results of import substitution of the main commodity groups of imports for the period 2014–2021 are considered. Problems and obstacles in the production of domestic goods are identified. Scenarios for the development of the importsubstituting policy of the state are predicted. The article outlines the priority areas of import substitution policy in Russia. Keywords: import, import substitution, economic sanctions, trade restrictions, domestic production. |
69-76 |
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N. V. Sushcheva, Yu. I. Rastova, I. G. Salimyanova Digital transformation strategies: current research programs DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-77-83 The article characterizes the key problems of strategic management of digital transformation of large companies in traditional sectors of the economy. Based on the analysis of mainly actively cited scientific publications, the main ideas of modern Russian researchers in the field of digital business transformation are summarized. Approaches to choosing a model of a corporate digital transformation strategy, methods for evaluating the effectiveness of digital transformations, and ways to form the necessary competencies are described. A number of proposals are made regarding the definition of priorities and the evaluation of effectiveness in the implementation of end-to-end technologies, as well as the digital maturity of the organizations themselves. Keywords: strategic management, digital transformation, digital maturity, effectiveness of digital solutions, digital competencies. |
77-83 |
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10th International Research-to-Practice Conference «Siberian Village: History,Present State and Further Development» |
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History |
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O. V. Ishchenko The training of teachers to work in rural schools in Siberia in late XIX–early XX centuries DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-85-91 The article is devoted to the characteristics of the main directions of training of future national teachers in teachers’ seminaries of Siberia in the late XIX–early XX centuries in accordance with the state policy of primary education development. The objectives of the study were to analyze the government policy in the field of primary education development in rural areas, to characterize its implementation in the activities of teachers’ seminaries in Siberia, to assess the compliance of the result of teacher training with the stated state goals. The author has analyzed government documents, materials of educational institutions, historical and pedagogical scientific works. This made it possible to identify the content and goals of training seminarians for educational and cultural activities in rural areas. During the years of his stay at the seminary, the future teacher had to learn how to conduct lessons and educate children, develop them aesthetically, instill hygiene skills in them, organize leisure time, help peasant society in mastering of agricultural knowledge, etc. Finally, it is concluded that in the conditions of Siberia, there was the people’s teacher who became the main source of educational and cultural impact on the peasant environment, which corresponded to the tasks set for him by the state, but was not accompanied by the necessary financial support on his part. Keywords: teachers, teachers’ seminaries, Siberia, public policy, primary school, education, upbringing, enlightenment. |
85-91 |
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Zh. E. Levina Representation of Omsk village in guidebooks of All-Union Exhibition of Agriculture (1939–1940) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-92-98 The reference to this topic is due to necessity to create the most complete image of the region, as well as to expand ideas about the channels and methods of its formation in the official Soviet culture. The present scientific work describes the participation of Omsk region in the «Great Review», a unique propaganda and cultural and educational Soviet project of the 1930s which aroused great interest not only in the USSR but throughout the world. Special attention is paid to the self-presentation of Omsk region in such pavilions as «Siberia», «Grain», «Cattle breeding», «Rabbit breeding», «Veterinary medicine», «Gardening», «Printing», «Young naturalists». It is shown that the present and future of Omsk village was clearly associated with the scientific achievements: selection work of triticum-agropyrum hybrids carried out by the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Economy led by the Academician N. P. Tsitsin, the method of growing fruit trees in Siberian conditions developed by the doctor of agricultural sciences A. D. Kizyurin. Infotainment, sciencetainment, visualization and media technologies are noted as the main methods and ways of presenting information. Guidebooks on the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition of 1939–1941 are introduced into scientific circulation. They have not been involved in domestic research on the history of Siberia of the Soviet period. Keywords: cultural anthropology, agrarian history, Soviet village, All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, Omsk Region, Tarsky district, Cherlaksky district, Bolsherechensky district, Luzinsky Pig Farm, Siberian Research Institute of Grain Economy, Academician N. P. Tsitsin, A. D. Kizyurin, triticum-agropyrum hybrids,creeping apple trees. |
92-98 |
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S. V. Novikov A neo-narodnik in the country building socialism. V. F. Koptev — pages of little-known fate DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-99-105 The transformation of the cultural sphere in the locality is the theme of local history. We will study the 1920s despite the fact that the transformations began after the victory of representatives of the Soviet government in the Civil War in Russia. We consider local history as a component of the country’s history, identifying regional features of the process in a specific chronological period. The result of the study is the identification of the role of supporters of non-proletarian parties in the cultural and educational activities of the Soviet government in settlements. One of the participants in this process was a neo-narodnik by ideology, and a teacher by vocation, V. F. Koptev. Special attention is paid to the cooperation of the school with the «Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers» which made it possible to receive financial assistance for the construction of a new school building, the opening of a museum, the creation of a reading room, and the allocation of scholarships for children in need. Students had the opportunity to visit Omsk, Leningrad, Moscow. Children could get acquainted with the participants of the «Tchaikovsky case», writers, artists, actors. Keywords: Solyanoye village, «Society of former political prisoners and exiled settlers», school museums, neo-narodnik, teacher-innovator, V. N. Figner. |
99-105 |
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D. S. Orlov, A. A. Chirkov The economic situation of state farms and collective farms Altai Territory in the second half of 1980s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-106-111 The article analyzes the insufficiently studied problems of the agrarian and economic history of the USSR in the second half of the 1980s, related to the policy of state bodies to increase investment in the agro-industrial complex and stimulate the development of agricultural production. Using materials on the Altai Territory, the author substantiates the thesis that the action of new mechanisms for the economic development of agricultural production and a favorable investment climate became the reasons for the improvement in the welfare of collective farms and state farms in the economic period under review, led to a significant increase in agricultural production. At the same time, the ruling elite did not provide for a radical revision of the system of economic relations between the state and agricultural producers. Attempts were made to introduce self-financing and contracting, elements of economic lease were introduced, and the economic independence of agricultural enterprises was expanded. The pace of development of the agricultural sector of the Altai Territory in 1986–1989 was quite high compared with the three previous five-year plans and was second only to the economic results of the second half of the 1960s. The evolutionary nature of the development of agricultural production was determined by the traditional conservatism of the industry and was meaningfully connected with the political and economic features of the decisions of the March (1965) Plenum of the party and the Food Program of 1982. Cardinal transformations in the agrarian development of the region in the 1990s were due to a change in the economic model and the implementation of a new agrarian course. Keywords: economic policy, investments, agricultural sector, state farms, collective farms, Altai Region. |
106-111 |
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S. V. Gavrilov, Yu. O. Kurenkova «Sincere friend of Siberia» V. I. Semevsky DOI:10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-112-119 The purpose of this article is to identify the diversity of social ties of the prominent historian-populist V. I. Semevsky (1848–1916) with the Siberian intelligentsia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For this, a wide range of both published and unpublished sources of personal origin is analyzed. The relationship between the historian and prominent representatives of the Siberian regionalism N. M. Yadrintsev, G. N. Potanin, the famous Irkutsk philanthropist I. M. Sibiryakov in the context of a research project related to the study of the situation of workers in Siberian gold mines. It is concluded that a research project to study the situation of workers in Siberian mines, proposed by I. M. Sibiryakov, V. I. Semevsky was not commercial, but was generated by the close acquaintance of the historian with the Siberian intelligentsia and Siberian life back in the early 1880s. It is noted that the study of the situation of mine workers was not purely scientific, but had a practical component in the context of the implementation of the «theory of small matters» in the form of the creation of the so-called Siberian capital to help people who lost their health in the process of work. Keywords: regionalism, G. N. Potanin, V. I. Semevsky, N. M. Yadrintsev, Siberia, populism (populistic doctrine). |
112-119 |
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M. S. Novikov Creation of national regions as a means of ensuring rights and freedoms of Russian Germans: on the example of Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-120-127 Maintaining political stability and unity of the territory of the state is an important task for any government. It becomes especially relevant in cases where different territories of the state have ethnically different populations. Areas with mixed populations, especially those driven by migration, are potential areas of stress. Reasonable implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens in economic and cultural terms, freedom of movement, is a guarantee of stable development or at least peaceful migration. An analysis of the history of the creation of German national regions in the USSR shows a picture of the gradual assimilation of the German population or its migration outside the country. The article discusses the creation of a Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to ensure economic and cultural rights. The work is carried out on the basis of multifaceted sources. As a result of the fulfillment of the goal of the study — the reconstruction of the history of the region’s reconstruction against the background of the development of the German national movement and the influence of its international obligations on the country’s leadership, the following conclusions can be drawn. The creation of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District is culturally, economically and politically expedient. Of interest there are also the conclusions about the possibilities within the framework of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to resolve the problems of emigration and migration, as well as the issues of raising the standard of living of the population. Keywords: Russian Germans, «Renaissance», «Baltic League», Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of Volga Germans, Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District, German National Cultural Autonomy. |
120-127 |
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A. Yu. Sablin Adaptation of cadets-peasants to conditions of urban environment during the First World War (on the example of Omsk) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-128-134 The military-revolutionary period in the history of Omsk (1914–1917) due to wellknown events is one of the most relevant topics not only for academic specialists, but also for the general public. The purpose of this study is, using military anthropology, to characterize the measures of the military leadership of the Russian Empire for the cultural adaptation of cadets-peasants to the conditions of the urban environment (by the example of Omsk). The source base for the study are departmental reports, normative-instructional and clerical materials from the funds of the Russian State Military-Historical Archive and the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region. As a result of the study, it is found that the main measure for the cultural adaptation of the cadets-peasants is the instruct Keywords: social adaptation, peasantry, military anthropology, World War I, officers, cadets, Omsk. |
128-134 |
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Economy |
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Yu. M. Rogatnev, I. S. Ryzhova Socio-economic problems of modern land system of Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-135-141 The paper analyzes the results of land reform in terms of land relations and land use. The socio-economic problems that have arisen as a result of it are shown. The assessment of the system of private ownership of land, its impact on rural residents and agricultural production is given. The main problems and trends of changes in the land use system related to the non-delimited state ownership of land, the lack of demand for land shares and the non-use of significant areas of agricultural land are indicated. The changes in the land use system are shown in connection with its new goal — to maximize profits. The necessity of changing the paradigm of land use is justified — the transition from an effective owner of land to its effective user. Keywords: land system, land relations, land use, property, socio-economic problems. |
135-141 |
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О. N. Dolmatova, V. N. Shcherba Information support of effective agricultural land use DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-142-147 Efficient and rational use of agricultural land, provision of the population with agricultural products of its own production is becoming one of the priority tasks of modern social development. The solution of the set tasks is directly related to the formation of sustainable and effective land use, a high-quality land management system, the creation of an information database containing relevant and reliable information about the parameters of lands, their legal, environmental status and economic efficiency of use. However, in conditions of a deteriorating condition and a decrease in the efficiency of land use, it is necessary to develop methodological provisions aimed at the formation of rational land use using modern information technologies. All of the above determines the relevance of the study. The article defines the efficiency of information support for agricultural land use; reflects the shortcomings of obtaining and analyzing information on agricultural land at the regional level; recommendations were given on the development of a land information system for the management of agricultural land, the exchange of information on agricultural land use between the subjects of land management, the creation of a unified geoinformation database in the field of agro-industrial complex. Keywords: agricultural land use, land resources, information support, efficiency, digital economy, interagency exchange. |
142-147 |
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E. A. Pogrebtsova Development strategy of research and production enterprises: types and features DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-148-154 The problems of forming an enterprise development strategy and its relationship with the factors of the external and internal environment have been studied by many scientists. However, not enough attention has been paid to the essence of strategy formation at scientific enterprises. The article presents an interpretation of the concept of «enterprise strategy» taking into account the features of a scientific enterprise. Special attention is paid to the types of strategies of research and production enterprises. Using the example of an operating enterprise, the stages of forming a strategy based on the use of a system of balanced indicators are shown. Keywords: development strategy, market promotion, balanced scorecard, research and production enterprise. |
148-154 |