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Vol. 8, no. 2, 2023

OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»

CONTENTS

HISTORY

A. V. Sushko, d. I. Petin Science and commemoration: a conference on history of domestic special services in the memory of A. M. Plekhanov DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-9-16 An analytical review of the work of the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference «The activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms», held on October 19–20, 2022 in Omsk, is presented. The authors of the publication (active members of the organizing committee) consider the conference as an actual phenomenon of scientific life, which took place in historical foreign and domestic political conditions that are special for Russia. Covered: the course of the event, the main content of scientific reports, key aspects of the controversy, the results of the conference are presented, the resolution is given. The review is addressed to a wide range of readers, including, first of all, researchers of historical science, Russian special services, local history and official commemoration practices. Keywords: special services, security agencies, historical science, historical memory, commemoration, scientific life, scientific communication, scientific conferences, Omsk.	9-16
K. A. Zarubina Features of observation of political police bodies for «politically unreliable» persons in 1867–1917 (on the example of Kursk province) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-17-20 The article analyzes the system of monitoring «politically unreliable» persons in Russia in 1867–1917. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to study regional aspects for a comprehensive study of this issue. To this end, some aspects of the activities of the political police bodies performing the functions of political observation (on the example of the Kursk province) have been studied, conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of the implementation of observation measures in countering the development of the revolutionary situation in the country. Keywords: «politically unreliable» persons, gendarmerie, police, security department, detectives, Kursk Provincial gendarmerie department, Kursk province.	17-20
S. V. Novikov A special division of the Police Department and its participation in political life of Russian Empire. 1900–1914 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-21-29 The most important of the internal functions of the state is the preservation of peace and order in society. Usually, this function is implemented by the forces of the political police, the effectiveness of which depends on many factors. An analysis of the work of the Special Department of the Police Department in the period preceding the First World War and subsequent social upheavals allows us to draw the following conclusions. Individual figures of the department took steps to build a corporate system as a response of conservatives to socialist movements and organizations, creating controlled workers’ organizations. However, the police provocation quickly outgrew the struggle with socialist movements, and the highest ranks of the Special Department of the Police Department became participants in the confrontation of the elites, which negatively affected the protection of public order. Moreover, the agents of the Police Department actually served as a catalyst for the formation of militant organizations of revolutionary terrorists actively arranging political assassinations of statesmen. This work not only provoked political confrontation and intensified the development of the revolutionary movement, but also morally and materially disarmed police representatives. Keywords: Special Division of the Police Department, special services, political provocation, labor movement, zubatovism, corporatism.	21-29
A. A. Plekhanov The activities of the Russian joint stock company «Manufacturing Company Singer» in Siberia on the eve and during the First World War: espionage or spy mania? DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-30-36 Based on the analysis of previously unpublished sources, the article examines the actions of the military counterintelligence agencies, the Separate Corps of Gendarmes, and the justice authorities to uncover the espionage activities of the Singer joint-stock company on the eve and the period of the First World War in Siberia, the investigation materials are interpreted, and its results are summed up. The theoretical basis of the research is the principle of consistency and the comparative historical method. The author concludes that the nature of the information collected by the company could well have been of an intelligence orientation, but at that time the domestic special services failed to collect a convincing evidence base to accuse the Singer company of mass espionage. Keywords: the Russian Empire, the First World War, Singer Company, espionage, spy mania, the Ministry of Justice, Separate Corps of Gendarmes, intelligence department, military counterintelligence, domestic special services.	30-36
M. M. Stelmak «I called on the audience to strive for possible simple cessation of the war»: the arrest of Omsk social-democrat K. A. Popov in January 1916 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-37-44 This publication reconstructs the causes, circumstances and consequences of the arrest of the Omsk Social Democrat, lawyer K. A. Popov by the gendarmerie in Omsk in January 1916, despite a considerable number of materials on the biography of K. A. Popov, the history of the revolutionary movement in Omsk, a separate study , entirely dedicated to this event, has not yet been published. The basis for the publication is the documents of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the special importance of the documentary heritage of domestic special services that provide significant assistance in the study of socio-political history. Keywords: RSDLP, revolutionary movement, Mensheviks, First World War, Russian intelligence services, a separate gendarme corps, anti-war movement, Omsk.	37-44
A. A. Khisamutdinov, li yan Society and Personality in Russian Tianjin (1920–1930) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-45-52 The article is devoted to the history of the public society and personalities of the Russian emigration community in Tianjin in the period from 1920 to 1930. Based on unpublished sources and emigrant memoirs, the study considers the role of public organizations; cultural, entertainment and medical institutions; educational institutions, analyzes the activity of the individuals: N. K. Russel, I. I. Serebrennikov, P. A. Vedenyapina, E. A. Batueva, etc., finds out the role of these communities and figures in protecting the interests and rights of Russians, and in meeting the needs of cultural life, education and treatment, etc. The article also includes the results of field researches conducted by the authors in 2010–2020. Keywords: China, Tianjin, Russian community, society, personality, public organizations.	45-52
A. S. Stepanov OGPU organs and Soviet aviation (1928–1934) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-53-58 The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of Soviet special services in the aviation sector during the formation and development of Soviet aviation and related industries. The problems of Soviet aviation, largely determined by the state of society and the economy in the USSR, are characterized on the basis of office documents of the special services and other departments. Using concrete examples, the tasks performed by the OGPU body for operational maintenance of Soviet aviation are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that the materials of the special services, despite the need for critical perception of some of their conclusions, allow us to get an objective idea of the problems of Soviet aviation during its quantitative and qualitative growth (1928–1934). Keywords: special services, state security agencies, OGPU, counterintelligence activities, aviation, Dobrolet society, aviation disasters, «flyers».	53-58
A. S. Chentsov Factors of activity of the troops of NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic offensive operation DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-59-65 The article discusses the factors influencing the activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR, providing protection for the rear of the army in the period of the East Prussian strategic offensive operation. Sources are introduced into scientific circulation, which made it possible to identify two groups of factors that influenced the activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR. The first is external. These include the peculiarities of the situation on the territory of East Prussia. The second is internal. They include changes in the command and control system and the structure of the troops, as well as new tasks, the implementation of which was entrusted to the troops of NKVD of the USSR. The author comes to the conclusion that taking into account these factors is the basis for identifying the features of the operational activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic offensive operation. Keywords: Great Patriotic War, East Prussian strategic offensive operation, troops of NKVD of the USSR, rear guard, operational activities.	59-65
M. V. Krotova The activities of Soviet intelligence service among Russian emigration in post-war Northern China (according to the memoirs of N. A. Martynov) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-66-73 The study, based on the unpublished memoirs of the Russian émigré N. A. Martynov, is devoted to the activities of the Soviet intelligence service among the Russian emigration in Northern China after World War II in the context of the Soviet- American confrontation in the initial period of the Cold War. The methodological basis of the work is the anthropological approach and the principle of consistency. Emphasis is placed on the work of the Soviet consulate and other organizations to split the Russian emigration in Tianjin, its Sovietization and subsequent repatriation. Keywords: Soviet intelligence service, ego-documents, Northern China, USA, Russian emigration, Tianjin, Beijing, N. A. Martynov.	66-73
Actual History
N. A. Shabelnikova «Where once the Russian flag is raised, there it should not go down» DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-74-87 Natalya Alekseevna Shabelnikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Police Colonel, Honored Worker of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. She is the author of scientific research on the history of law enforcement agencies in a wide problem-thematic and chronological range. This interview was agreed in October 2022 during the scientific official journey N. A. Shabelnikova in Omsk to participate in the work of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference «Activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms». The interview was given remotely, and then edited by Natalya Alekseevna from Vladivostok in January 2023. The conversation was devoted to the prospects for studying the history of Russian special services in Russia, modern estimates of the historiography of the Civil War in the Far East and the policy of preserving historical memory in Russia. Keywords: historical science, Russian historiography, historical memory, special services, state security bodies, Civil War, A. V. Kolchak, the Great Patriotic War, the Far East.	74-87
History Name
S. A. Papkov The tragic route of Baron Tiesenhausen DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-88-94 The article is devoted to D. O. Tiesenhausen, a descendant of an old Russian noble family. Describes the main stages of the career and life of the baron as vice-governor of the Orenburg and Vyatka provinces and Yakutsk region. His ideological positions regarding the February Revolution of 1917 and political exile to Yakutia are presented. On the basis of new sources analyzed one of the most dramatic periods of the biography of the Baron, associated with his emigration to Mongolia, stay in Urga and relations with General Ungern. A separate episode in the life of the former Vice-Governor was his arrest, transportation to Siberia and imprisonment in a detention center. This arrest nearly resulted in the death penalty by decision of the Irkutsk provincial police. The Baron spent the rest of his life under the systematic control of the Stalinist secret services, and his personal tragedy was a typical expression of the fate of most «socially alien» people in Soviet Russia. Keywords: revolution, civil war, nobility, Baron Tiesenhausen, Urga, Cheka, arrest, OGPU, court, exile.	88-94
A. S. Pozdnyakova Engaged by the Revolution: the Lepsis Chekist family in Vyatka (1919) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-95-101 Based on unpublished sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Kirov region and memoir journalism, the article analyzes a fragment of the life path of the spouses of security officers R. K. Lepsis and A. I. Lepsis associated with their service in Vyatka during the Civil War. The purpose of the work is to use the example of a single married couple of security officers to indicate the factors that influenced the life of the family in the era of social cataclysms. The theoretical basis of the study is the anthropological approach. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the study of the Lepsis family makes it possible to reconstruct the image of a Soviet person, to get to the problems of gender history. Keywords: military anthropology, Latvians, Civil War, Cheka, Soviet special services, Soviet power, Vyatka, Lepsis.	95-101

PHILOSOPHY

PROVOCATION

C. McGinn A Religion of hate/ trans. from Engl. V. A. Sergeeva DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-102-105 The essay examines universal hate as an alternative foundation to Christianity. According to McGinn, we should hate everyone, even those we love. It is that will enable us to avoid prejudice against individuals and groups who are not part of the inner circle of people for whom we have some sympathy. Hate is justified, natural to human and egalitarian. McGinn does not exclude love from the religion of hate. Emerging love in the background of basic universal hate becomes a more meaningful and valued feeling. Keywords: justice, moral behaviour, Christian love, catholic love, religion of hate.	102-105
Pros and Cons
R. V. Cuhna Will i ever be a Cyborg?/ trans. from Engl. R. L. Kochnev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-106-115 Eric Olson’s animalist view relies on the premise that person is not a fit candidate to be a substance concept, in Wiggins’s terminology. Instead, he claims, animal is what best serves as the answer to what we most fundamentally are and what determines our persistence conditions. Pro-posing a thought experiment concerning inorganic replacement, I aim to show that Olson’s animalist view cannot accommodate our very strong intuitions about such cases. My claim is then that animalism either fails on its own grounds or requires some tuning regarding what exactly an organism is and its persistence conditions. I will examine Matthew Liao’s attempt to accommodate such intuitions within an animalist view. I will also describe the basics about Olson’s animalist view but let us first look at the rough outline of my thought experiment. The essentials are as follows, the rest I will provide later, as we go along. Keywords: animalism, human animal, biological life, organism, inorganic replacement.	106-115
A. D. Blizhenskiy Do androids dream of autobiography? DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-116-120 The modern development of ideas and technologies of artificial intelligence adds practical significance to philosophical debates concerning questions of identity and personal identity. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the advantage of the narrative approach for describing the identity of cybernetic organisms. For this purpose, a mental experiment is formulated to download the consciousness of a scientist into the body of an android. At the end of the article the author discusses a potential hierarchy of narrative criteria. Keywords: identity of personality, narrative approach, android, Volkov.	116-120

ECONOMY

A. E. Miller, d. O. Drozdov Development of the program for sustainability of technological development of an industrial enterprise DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-121-129 The article presents the results of a study of the conceptual foundations of the sustainability of technological development in the context of import substitution. The considered methodology of sustainability determines the purpose and key tasks, organizational and economic algorithm, methodological principles of technological development. The distinctive features of the proposed methodology include: systematization of typological factors of sustainability of technological development; justification of factors influencing the sustainability of technological development. The concept under consideration clarifies the key principles of the classical theory of sustainability of development, which make it possible to explore problem areas that hinder technological development. In the context of the actual implementation of the methodology of sustainability of technological development, a methodological approach to the choice of options for assessing the program of sustainability of technological development is justified. It is advisable to implement the proposed approach on the basis of quantitative indicators formed on the basis of displaying the qualitative certainty of innovation-oriented and progressive technologies. The advantage of the proposed approach is the substantiation of the typological sequence of the formation of the structure of the program of sustainability of technological development of an industrial enterprise. The advantages of the proposed approach include the possibility of specifying the estimated indicators and their impact on the sustainability of the technological development of an industrial enterprise: 1)the achievability of a quantitative assessment of the level of losses or the amount of profitability based on the selected option of the program of sustainability of technological development of an industrial enterprise; 2) the high possibility of detecting the factors of problematic situations that cause the need for their immediate leveling; 3) the potential for the formation of a real system process of integrating innovation-oriented and progressive technologies into the formation of the production and technological potential of industrial enterprises; 4) creating conditions for the development of optimal program and scenario options for the sustainability of technological development. Keywords: sustainability, technological development, program, indicator, technology, modernization, production, enterprise.	121-129
E. A. Pogrebtsova Socio-economic features of innovative development of subjects of Siberian Federal District DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-130-137 The management of the innovative development of the constituent entities of the Siberian Federal District involves monitoring the economic and social foundations to improve the living standards of the population, economic recovery, development of science, education and culture. Such development should take into account the natural factors that limit the competitiveness of innovative developments, timely identify problems and priority areas for development. The article presents an assessment of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District in terms of macroeconomic indicators, educational and digital development. The analysis of the level of innovative development of subjects is carried out, conclusions are drawn about the problems and opportunities for innovative development. The article may be useful to researchers, state and municipal employees, leaders who are interested in this topic. The purpose of the study is to identify areas of socio- economic development of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District as an innovative vector. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are defined: to assess the achievement of macroeconomic indicators of the subjects, to identify the development of the educational and digital development of the regions; determine the directions of innovative improvement. Keywords: indicator, socio-economic conditions, Siberian Federal District, subject, innovative development.	130-137
E. S. Gusar, i. N. Primyshev Theoretical foundations for managing service organizations in the context of digital transformations DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-138-144 The aim of the investigation is to study the theoretical foundations of the management of service organizations in the context of digital transformations. The authors reviewed and clarified such concepts as «digital economy» and «digital transformation». A number of reasons have been identified that cause changes in the theoretical foundations of managing service organizations in the context of digital transformations. It is noted that the main goal of managing service sector organizations in the context of digital transformations is to ensure the effective functioning of service sector organizations in the long term. The key elements of the formation of an effective management system for the organization of the service sector in the context of digital transformations are presented in more detail. The authors propose methods and principles for managing service organizations in the context of digital transformations. The key elements of management of service sector organizations in the context of digital transformations are identified. It is concluded that the application of the principles and methods of managing organizations in the service sector in the context of digital transformations aims to achieve tactical (short-term) and strategic (long-term) goals of the organization of the service sector, as well as increasing the efficiency of its functioning by minimizing unnecessary and unjustified costs and ensuring profit growth. Keywords: personnel management, service sector organizations, digital economy, digital transformation.	138-144
E. R. Tolstova, l. V. Silakova Classification of management tools in small business organizations for developing a sales funnel DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-145-154 In the modern world, companies that use CRM systems, SMM marketing (digital marketing in social networks), provide this, cause of the demand to build a sales funnel. The main goal is to build an effective sales funnel that will attract customers and increase profits. This study is aimed at selecting a set of services that can help the development of a small business characterized by low revenue volumes, and, as a result, small budgets for promotion, as well as a small number of staff. The article discusses the current problems of small business, CRM systems and services that help promote social networks. The main applied research methods: these are abstraction, generalization, competitive analysis and comparison. The following problems are identified for small businesses: the issue of scaling, the need to automate workflows, collecting feedback and feedback from customers, processing applications, great competition in the market, parallelization of workflows, organization of hierarchy in the workflow. The concept of sales funnels for any type of organization, enterprise, startup, etc. is considered. Common features, stages that should characterize the planned sales funnel are highlighted. A comparison of various services that help in the development and implementation of a marketing strategy is carried out. There are 4 categories of digital services for working with business automation and sales funnel: information systems and technologies that help to design a business model as a whole, create quality management systems, etc.; programs for business modeling, development of working documentation and requirements; CRM systems designed for planning employee tasks and storing customer data; services that help with promotion in social networks. Thanks to them, such tasks as: modeling of the sales funnel, automation of business processes, templates of working scenarios, instructions, regulations for employees, conversion analytics and traffic arbitration are solved. The classification of programs and services that will automate the company’s sales funnel, taking into account the price of the product and its functionality, the combination of which will be optimal for small businesses, is proposed. Keywords: sales funnel, small business, management systems, social networks, digital marketing.	145-154