Vol. 5, no. 2, 2020
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTS
HISTORY
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I. Vladimirsky, M. V. Krotova On the issue of studying Siberian merchant class: the circle of social contacts of gold producer Yakov Frizer DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-9-15 The research is dedicated to Siberian merchant Yakov Frizer, a range of his communication and social contacts. Present research targets to illustrate through Frizer example particularities of everyday life and activity of the Siberian merchants on the threshold of the 19th–20th centuries, interrelations between various ethnicconfessional and social groups, between regional entrepreneurs and capital administrators as well as great potentialities of self-implementation for Jewish merchant within the Russian Empire. The article is based on the personal archive of Yakov Frizer, his books and articles, materials of the Siberian press and archival documents fr om the Russian Historical Archive (RGIA) and the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). The authors have concluded particular features of Siberian society as a multi-layer society with intersections of various social, ethical and confessional worlds, national and religious tolerance and active social position. Keywords: Ya. D. Frizer, Siberia, merchants, Jews, gold industry, social contacts, Russian Empire. | 9–15 |
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A. A. Fomenkov Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. S. Troitskiy and his role in shaping the civic position of scientific community in Gorky region.1985–1991 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-16-21 The article is devoted to the activities of corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. S. Troitskiy stayed against the launch of the Gorky nuclear power plant for heat supply. V. S. Troitskiy’s arguments against starting this object are indicated. The reasons for the significance of his actions against GAST for the development of informal politicized organizations in Gorky are revealed. The influence of V. S. Troitskiy on the position of the scientific community on significant socio-political issues is indicated. Keywords: civil society, perestroika, informals, Gorky, ecology, political struggle, scientific community, influence, V. S. Troitsky. | 16–21 |
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E. A. Koshechkina Ulus Jochi in system of international trade on territory of Crimean Peninsula in XIII–XIV centuries DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-22-28 The article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign economic policy of the ulus of Jochi in the XIII-XIV centuries. The role of the Ulus in the system of international trade on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula is considered. The analysis of foreign economic policy directions and their role in the economy Of ulus Juchi in the declared period is carried out. The importance of international trade in the economy of the Golden Horde is highlighted. The process of relations between the Crimean authorities and the Italian colonies on the territory of the Peninsula is also considered. The article covers the issues of the appearance of Italian colonies in the Crimea, the reasons and consequences of the formation of Italian colonies for international trade. Keywords: Jochi Ulus, the Crimean Ulus, international trade, the Italian colony. | 22–28 |
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R. V. Rybakov «For any work at the congress, it is important to have a united mass, in other words, as we usually call all kinds of groups — the opposition»: from the history of the Komsomol opposition in the Omsk province 1921–1922 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-29-34 The development of youth movement in the 1920’s is considered. It was not without contradictions, which was due to the influence of the unfolding party struggle, as well as the presence of completely opposite views on the role and functions of the Komsomol in the Soviet state. This publication is devoted to the consideration of a separate episode in the development of the youth movement in the territory of the Omsk province related to the attempt of a group of active workers to remove the current leaders of the provincial committee of the communist union. The paper analyzes reasons that prompted Komsomol members to express distrust of the governing apparatus. A letter is sent to the scientific community, sent to the activists of the Kalachinsky Ucom with a proposal to join the organized opposition. Keywords: Komsomol, Omsk, youth of Siberia, letters of youth, Komsomol opposition, youth non-conformism. | 29–34 |
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E. E. Shumilova Employment of population of large cities of Western Siberia in 1914–1917 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-35-41 The paper analyzes changes in the structure of labor employment of the population of Siberian cities during the World War I and the impact of these changes on the level of income of citizens on the basis of unpublished sources, periodicals and statistics. From the point of view of the theory of historical everyday life, it is argued that the urban environment of Western Siberian cities faced a number of new challenges with the beginning of the World War I, which significantly worsened the social well-being and economic activity in Siberian cities. The transition of the country’s economy to supplying the front with arms and products inevitably affected the traditional commercial activities of the merchants, the supply of food to the rear cities, and various types of traditional labor activities in cities that in peacetime depended on the demands of the market and citizens. The author substantiates the conclusion that the growing crisis in the economic sectors has steadily influenced changes in the structure of employment, and also caused a decrease in the level of income of citizens in July 1914–February 1917. Keywords: employment, income of citizens, World War I, Barnaul, Omsk, Tomsk, Novonikolaevsk. | 35–41 |
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M. V. Zhuravleva Readers’ preferences of Irkutsk residents in late of XIX–early XX centuries DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-42-47 The article deals with the problem of the reader and reading among the urban population, which is little studied in Russian history. Based on the analysis of the materials of the state archive of the Irkutsk region, the author characterizes the readership and the reader’s interests of certain social and professional groups of the Irkutsk population in the late XIX–early XX centuries. A distinctive feature of the Irkutsk readership is shown: the social composition of active readers of the city is revealed, the circle of the most popular domestic and foreign authors is designated, the most popular all-Russian, regional and local periodicals are marked. The obtained data can help to characterize the mechanism of influence of reading on the formation of socio-political views, moral education and artistic tastes of Irkutsk residents. Keywords: Irkutsk, libraries, readers, readers’ interests, periodical press. | 42–47 |
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E. P. Ivanov Interethnic relations in the Steppe region in 19th–early 20th centuries on pages of periodicals DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-48-54 The article is devoted to the establishment and development of inter-ethnic relations between the inhabitants of the Russian Empire and the indigenous people of the Steppe Territory. The article deals with the dynamics of the transformation of the image of a region reflected in the Russian periodical press of the XIX–early XX centuries. It is shown that the reflection in the press of the character of Russian- Kyrgyz inter-ethnic relations was the most important factor in the formation of the image of the Steppe Territory in the eyes of Russian inhabitants. Keywords: Interethnic relations, Steppe Territory, Kirgiz-Kaisaki, Northeast Kazakhstan, kirghiz, periodicals. | 48–54 |
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M. A. Knyazev Palace commandant V. N. Voeikov and the Duma-military opposition: confrontation during the First World War DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-55-65 The article discusses the struggle of opposition Duma and military leaders against the palace commandant V. N. Voeikov during the First World War. The hyperbolized view of the role and influence of the general at court, his inclusion in the list of «irresponsible influences» became the reason for the declaration of «war» to the palace commandant by public and military forces. On the basis of the study of archival materials, sources of personal origin, materials of paperwork, the article identifies the goals, mechanisms and results of the struggle against Voeikov as an active member of the «court camarilla». The author comes to the conclusion about the evolution of forms and methods of combating the tsarist encirclement in 1914–1917: from attempts to «peacefully» remove or move to another position to apply radical measures (public and newspaper bullying, baseless charges, arrest). Keywords: V. N. Voeikov, Nicholas II, the Duma-military opposition, World War I, State Duma, A. I. Guchkov. | 55–65 |
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V. V. Germizeeva Governors-General of the Steppe Region (1882–1917) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-66-72 Based on the prosopographic method, the article describes a collective portrait of people holding a governor-general position in the Steppe Territory in 1882– 1917. Attention is drawn to the educational level, age at the position, personal qualities and activities of officials. The contribution of each of the governors-general to the development of the Steppe Territory is shown. It is disclosed how, under their direct control and guidance, measures were taken for resettlement policy, the development of public education, healthcar and trade. Keywords: Russian Empire, Steppe Territory, Steppe Governor General, Governor General, Local Government, G. A. Kolpakovsky, M. A. Taube, N. N. Sukhotin, I. P. Nadarov, E. O. Schmit, N. A. Sukhomlinov. | 66–72 |
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Tо the 75th Anniversary of the Great Victory | |
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A. V. Sushko «Intended to prepare a march replenishment for active Red Army»: to the history and perpetuation of memory of 39th Omsk reserve rifle brigade (division) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-73-81 The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the history of the 39th Omsk reserve rifle brigade (division). Attention is focused to the contribution of the Omsk military unit to the Great Victory. The article proved that during the years of World War II, the brigade sent to the front the largest number of fighters in comparison with other units formed in the Omsk region and sent to the front in full force. Thanks to the courage and heroism of the soldiers and officers trained in Omsk, the notable contribution of the soldiers who arrived to the front from Siberia in the victory over fascism, the country’s leadership was given the honorary name Omsk. Based on the above information on the history of the 39th Omsk reserve rifle brigade, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to perpetuate her memory in Omsk, and in particular at Omsk memorials. Keywords: Great Patriotic War, Omsk, 39th Omsk reserve rifle brigade (division), preparation of reserves, marching companies, places of memory. | 73–81 |
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E. V. Leshukova Filtration cases of Ugra soldiers participating in the World War II as historical source DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-82-86 During the 75 years that separate us from the Victory Day on May 9, 1945, a huge array of documentary evidence of the Great Patriotic War is put into scientific circulation. Nevertheless, one of the little-studied sources remains the filtering files of repatriated citizens. The article discusses the circumstances of the appearance and storage of this type of source. Based on a selective comparative analysis there are discovered some details of the content of the filtration cases of military personnel, who went to the front from the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District of the modern Tyumen Region, informational possibilities of using filtration files for scientific purposes. Keywords: The Great Patriotic War, prisoners of war, concentration camps, repatriates, filtration files, Ugra. | 82–86 |
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A. V. Rychkov «The cavalry rushes, and in battle campaigns the tank rushes along with the war horse»: cavalry romance in Soviet songs on eve of the Great Patriotic War DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-87-91 The publication analyzes the content component of the phenomenon of Soviet pre-war «cavalry» songs. Particular attention is paid to the role of public cultural policy, with the help of art forming a system of values among Soviet people, wh ere the patriotic idea of defending the homeland was the most important element. The author explains the popularity of the subject both as traditional for that time about the significant role of cavalry in the Red Army, its high combat qualities and the prospect of using it in combination with other types of troops, and the government’s campaign «for the Soviet Cossacks», in which the cavalry song was the most important propaganda tool. According to the author, the songs about cavalry written by talented poets and composers were loved by the people and became the most important means of military-patriotic education of Soviet people, making a significant contribution to the Great Victory. Keywords: cavalry, Cossacks, Red Army, Soviet war songs, Great Patriotic War, USSR. | 87–91 |
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History Name | |
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S. V. Novikov Mikhail Efimovich Budarin — scientist and enlightener. From history of culture in Siberian Territory (1940’s – 2000’s) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-92-100 Socialist construction carried out in the USSR is a separate topic based on knowledge of the history of the social and economic development of the country of study. One of the researchers and popularizers of socialist construction was M. E. Budarin. As a journalist, he conveyed to his contemporaries information about the transformations taking place in the Ob North, as a writer he created pictures of the life and life of the peoples of Siberia in various periods of their history. Appeal to scientific activity has become a step in understanding the history of the development of the region studying the activities of authorities in its development, analysis of the impact of development on the peoples of the region. The teaching work expanded the possibilities of popularizing the history of the entry of Siberia into Russia and the transformation of the region in the Soviet period. Over the years of activity, the multifaceted personality of M. E. Budarin was revealed, who embodied in his work all the difficulties of Soviet history. Keywords: Ishim, development of the Tyumen north, Ermak, the history of Siberia, journalism, The Russian Civil War in belles-lettres. | 92–100 |
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D. I. Petin Lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Army Anatoly Petrovich Moser (1889–1943): the «little man» and his fate in mirror of military anthropology DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-101-108 The study is dedicated to the life of a representative of a family of serving noblemen known in pre-revolutionary Omsk. The purpose of the work is to present the example of this fate as the position of a former career officer in provincial imperial and Soviet society. The relevance of the work is seen in the fact that the life path of A.P. Moser is a small example of the relatively successful integration of a former officer in Soviet society. Studying the life of this person fills the knowledge about the being of «former people» in the RSFSR — USSR. The basis for the preparation of the work was unpublished sources from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, as well as an interview with the author’s granddaughter of the article’s hero. The author comes to the conclusion that the anthropological vision of the plots of political and everyday history allows us to draw general conclusions about the state, society, strategies and forms of social survival on the basis of particular cases. Keywords: The First World War, officers, genealogy, military anthropology, cadet corps, Aleksandrovskoe military school, Omsk, Mozer genius. | 101–108 |
PHILOSOPHY
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A. B. Didikin Wittgenstein and metamorphoses of legal language DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-109-115 The paper analyzes the evolution of Wittgenstein’s philosophical ideas and the influence of his views on the analytical legal philosophy and the legal language theory. Based on the key arguments of the «Logical-philosophical Treatise», the author reconstructs the possibility of displaying legal phenomena in the legal language from the position of logical validity and the relationship between the syntax and semantics of normative prescriptions. Modern discussions about the possibilities of implementing Wittgenstein’s arguments about the rule following problem and the skeptical argument in the field of interpretation and clarification of the content of legal norms are considered. The concepts of D. Patterson and A. V. Nekhaev on the social context of interpretation of judicial practice and the motives of judges in making legal decisions are analyzed. The author substantiates the position on the deep relationship between every day and professional discourses in the legal language. Keywords: Wittgenstein, legal language, facts, actions, interpretation, judicial practice, legal doctrine, social context. | 109–115 |
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N. B. Afanasov Russian civilizational project facing digital capitalism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-116-123 The article offers a point of view on the Russian civilizational project from the perspective of comparing the national features of Russia’s development and the global expansion of digital capitalism. The author places the Russian civilizational project in the context of processes that will inevitably have — and already have — the impact on modern Russian society and economy. Digital capitalism is as relevant a phenomenon for Russia as it is for any other modern country. The global context and modernization are inextricably linked. But when we talk about modernization, even in the most general way, we cannot exclude the national peculiarities of its implementation, which say a lot about the country itself and its culture. In the context of the Russian civilizational project, the main issue will be to understand why, unlike other modernizing waves, digital capitalism has so quickly become embedded in the space of Russian economic life and Russian culture. What exactly in our culture created such a fertile ground for the phenomenon? It is likely that the absence of established capitalist institutions played a role in the introduction of digital practices. But, as in every culture, there is also something special about Russian culture that accelerates the integration of society into the reality of digital capitalism. Keywords: social philosophy, social theory, Russia, capitalism, digital capitalism, Russian civilizational project, modernization, culture. | 116–123 |
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E. S. Marchukova Martin Heidegger on distinctio essentia and existentia in scholasticism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-124-128 Reflections on the categories of essence (essentia) and existence (existentia), their interrelationships and ability to differentiate form the core of medieval scholasticism. For the Heidegger philosophy, the complexity of the interrelation between essentia and existentia is one of the basic, principal posers in his «fundamental ontology». The aim of the study is to analyze the way how Heidegger works with the texts of medieval philosophers (Thomas Aquinas, Ioannes Duns Scotus, Francisco Suarez). Such an analysis makes it possible to clarify the importance of the scholastic difference between essence and existence for Heidegger’s philosophy. Keywords: scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas, Ioannes Duns Scotus, Francisco Suarez, essentia, existentia, ontological difference, Martin Heidegger. | 124–128 |
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A. V. Morozov Neopragmatism and speculative realism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-129-136 The article deals with neopragmatist themes of contingency, irony and solidarity in the context of the contemporary movement in continental philosophy, speculative realism. Despite the fact that many representatives of this trend have repeatedly spoken about Richard Rorty exclusively in a critical spirit, their critical strategies, which aspire to overcome representationalism (Rorty) and correlationism (speculative realism) in philosophy, intersect in many important respects. Thus, Rorty and Meillassoux approach the concept of contingency that underlies their projects in a similar vein. There is a parallelism between the contingency of language and its constituent vocabularies in Rorty, on the one hand, and the contingency of world in Meillassoux, on the other. From the point of view of both philosophers, there is no all-encompassing entity, either within language («meta-vocabulary») or within the world («universe of all universes»). At the same time, the realistic argument based on the «ancestrality problem» (formulated by Meillassoux), which allows us to make judgments about reality as a reality which pre-exists our judgments about it without relying on some form of correlation/representation, is reproduced in a neopragmatist context by Robert Brandom, the follower of Rorty. The texts of speculative realists (Quentin Meillassoux, Graham Harman, Ian Bogost, Ray Brassier) are then analyzed in terms of the concept of irony. At the end of the article the social-philosophical and ethical implications of the projects of Rorty and Meillassoux are considered. The similarity of the utopias built by Rorty and Meillassoux allows us to conclude that Meillassoux’s project is very close in his spirit to liberal ideology. Keywords: neopragmatism, speculative realism, Richard Rorty, Quentin Meillassoux, anti-representationalism, contingency, irony, community, social philosophy, utopia. | 129–136 |
ECONOMY
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Yu. S. Zharkova, E. N. Karpova, E. I. Brichka Organization and functioning of public procurement system in economy of Rostov region DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-137-144 The article examines the issues of the most effective satisfaction of state needs through the mechanism of public procurement. The theoretical significance of the study is to identify the main advantages of public procurement using the electronic bidding system, as well as key factors for non-fulfillment of contractual obligations. The analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of public procurement in the Rostov region in 2014–2019 revealed the absolute amount of savings and the preferential use of an open auction in electronic form during procurement. The article substantiates that the main reason for non-fulfillment of contractual obligations in the public procurement system is the insolvency of suppliers. In the future, it is necessary to establish tools for competitive selection of procurement participants, which involves the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of financial and economic activities of commercial structures. Keywords: public procurement, unified information system, contract service, contractual obligations, risk of non-fulfillment of contractual obligations. | 137–144 |
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Yu. G. Kirillov, E. K. Enza On measures to protect domestic market and export support in conditions of preferential trade of the EAEU and Vietnam DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-145-151 The development of free trade of the Eurasian Economic Union with third countries does not exclude the creation of a mechanism to protect the domestic market for sensitive goods and maintaining the necessary balance of trade balances of the parties involved. The article analyzes the foreign trade cooperation between Russia and Vietnam in the development of the concluded Free Trade Agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union and its member states, on the one hand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, on the other hand. The data presented indicate the need for regulatory influence aimed at protecting the domestic market of Russia maintaining appropriate proportions between domestic and imported goods. Certain measures for protecting the domestic market by the Eurasian Economic Commission in the context of preferential trade and national export stimulation measures are considered. The results can be used in the Eurasian Economic Union when building preferential relations with a number of states that have concluded or are ready in the near future to conclude such free trade agreements. Keywords: sensitive goods, preferential trade, trigger protective measures, twoway protective measure. | 145–151 |
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I. N. Primyshev Theoretical-methodological basis of formation social policy of state DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-152-159 In this article, the author considers the theoretical and methodological basis for the formation and development of social policy in order to clarify its role and place in improving the standard and quality of life of the population. The main objectives of social policy have been studied and systematized. The main directions of the developed programs for the implementation of social policy have been identified. Social policy actors have been identified and investigated and structured. Methodological principles of social policy are summarized. The conclusion notes that social policy is one of the most important areas of activity of the State to increase the effectiveness of the social system, the main task of which is to ensure the necessary standard of living of citizens. Keywords: social policy, principles of social policy, social sphere, theoreticalmethodological basis, goals of social policy. | 152–159 |
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E. V. Bakiko, V. V. Fadeeva, V. S. Serdyuk Organizational and economic aspect of labor protection specialist professional competence formation DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-2-160-168 One of the reasons for socio-economic losses from unfavourable work conditions is the low labor protection specialists’ professional competence level. In this study the labor protection specialist professional competence integral concept is defined by the principal component analysis. An integral competence model labor protection professional is developed. The organizational and economic aspect of the formation and continuous professional competence improvement is shown. The basic specialized education impact assessment on socio-economic losses from the level of occupational injuries is made. Keywords: professional competence, competence model, labor protection specialist, social and labor relations, industrial injuries, socio-economic losses. | 160–168 |