Vol. 5, no. 3, 2020
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTS
HISTORY
|
O. N. Mukhin Catherine I: «Tsarina-Assistant»: to typology of women-rulers of the New Age in Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-9-14 Information in the historiography about the main milestones of the biography of Catherine I and ideas about the peculiarities of her relationship with Peter I are subjected to critical analysis. Based on the achievements of psychology, an explanation is offered for raising a low-born woman to the rank of official spouse by the king-reformer. An attempt is being made to determine the «typological» place of Catherine I among the Russian sovereigns of the New Age, for which the concept of «Tsarina-Assistant» is proposed and characterized, denoting the type of monarch’s wife, which first representative was Catherine and which, after the era of palace coups, will become the norm in the Russian Empire. Keywords: Russian Empire, woman ruler, Catherine I, Peter I, historical psychology. | 9–14 |
|
V. S. Izmozik The academic publication of famous memoirs of general A. I. Denikin DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-15-19 The article tells about the history of preparation for publication of the first in Russia academic publication of «Essays on the Russian Troubles» by General A. I. Denikin. The author draws attention to the source database of comments based on unpublished archival material, as well as to the high professional level of the specialists who participated in the preparation of the peer-reviewed edition of Essays on Russian Troubles. According to the author of the article, the importance of this publication as a source on the history of the revolution and the Civil War cannot be overestimated. Keywords: A. I. Denikin, «Essays on Russian Troubles», revolution, Civil War, White movement, memoirs. | 15–19 |
|
E. A. Koshechkina Internal agricultural policy of the government of A. V. Kolchak DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-20-24 The article highlights some aspects of theoretical and practical actions of A. V. Kolchak in the agrarian and peasant question. The author shows how the proclaimed Russian government sought to attract to its side the most significant segment of the country’s population, to regulate social relations constructing a special form of relations with the peasantry. The article deals with attempts to introduce new agricultural legislation, considers unrealized projects of agrarian reforms, and highlights the reasons for the defeat of the government of A. V. Kolchak. The author considers the problem of preserving the principles of land ownership with the postponement of registration of legal papers and not implementing the proposed projects as one of the main reasons for the defeat of A.V. Kolchak in particular and the White movement in general. This circumstance eventually secured the victory of Bolshevism. Keywords: revolution of 1917, civil war, anti-Bolshevik governments, Russian government, A. V. Kolchak, agrarian legislation. | 20–24 |
|
T. V. Glazunova The activities of the Commission for combating desertion of labour of the Omsk province in 1920–1921 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-25-29 The article is devoted to the study of organization and activities of the Omsk provincial Committee for the fight against labor desertion (Omgubkomtruddezertir). Based on the analysis of the legislative base of the 1919–1921’s and the office documentation of the Omgubkomtruddezertir (reports, summaries, reports), its composition, main functions and mechanisms for combating labor desertion are studied. The difficulties and specifics of the organization of the fight against labor desertion in the Omsk province are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the difficulties encountered, the lack of employees, insufficient work experience, Omgubkomtruddezertir, in general, successfully solved the tasks assigned to it. Keywords: labor conscription, labor desertion, militarization of labor, civil war, war communism, Omsk. | 25–29 |
|
D. S. Orlov Economic transformations of mid-1960’s in the USSR: modern assessment of historical experience DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-30-34 The article analyzes post-Soviet historiography devoted to the study of economic reforms in the USSR in the mid-60’s. XX century works of historians and economists who study the indicated problem are used. The author concludes that at the present stage of the development of historical and economic science there are various approaches and interpretations of changes in the economic mechanism in the mid-1960’s in the USSR. Some scientists believe that the Soviet economic system was unable to respond quickly to changes and therefore, after the slowdown of reforms, it fell into a state of permanent stagnation, which also led to a further crisis in the country’s economy. Another group of researchers focused on studying the reasons for curtailing economic reform, analyzing the domestic and foreign political situation, and the influence of party nomenclature on the cessation of reforms. A number of specialists investigated the influence of the personality factor on reforms. Keywords: economic reforms of the mid-1960’s, Kosygin reforms, economic policy, USSR. | 30–34 |
|
M. S. Novikov, S. V. Novikov Kingdom of Bhutan: sovereignty against backdrop of «ethnic conflicts» in Tibetan border of India and China. 1947–2004 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-35-43 For tourists the region is associated with Buddhist and Hindu shrines. Therefore, the Indian states located in the Himalayas, as well as the states of Nepal and Bhutan, attract a large number of travelers. This is a region with a difficult military-political situation. The Himalayas — this is the border between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India, the influence of Pakistan and Bangladesh also affects. The region is not politically stable, there is a sluggish war of numerous and ideologically very different military-political organizations against the government forces of India. Keywords: India, Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim, geopolitics, ethnic separatism. | 35–43 |
|
Tо the 75th Anniversary of the Great Victory | |
|
O. Yu. Igoshina Typhus epidemic in Kuibyshev during the Great Patriotic War DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-44-50 The author studies the problem of the spread of typhus epidemic in the Kuibyshev (Samara) region during the Great Patriotic War. The author analyzes the causes, features and dynamics of diseases in this article, as well as measures that were aimed at overcoming infection. It is revealed that the causes of the epidemic included a huge increase of the urban population, a decrease in the complex of sanitary and living conditions, complicated by the collapse of the health system in the rear. It is found that in a few months the number of cases increased in 15 times. Dangerous infection became one of the factors of super-mortality of the population in the region. The epidemic spread to the population of all ages. Renovation of the health system, strict sanitary control, improvement of living conditions of the population, as well as sanitary and educational work were able to stop the infection and prevent it from entering the front. Keywords: typhoid fever, typhus epidemic, infection, sanitary control, The Great Patriotic War, Kuibyshev region, Samara region. | 44–50 |
|
Historical Archive | |
|
R. G. Gagkuev, S. G. Shilova «The officers who visited the war gained great deal of personal experience, and it would be very annoying not to take advantage of this». The circular of French Ministry of War for December 1919 on collection of observations and memoirs on service in Siberia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-51-57 The publication is dedicated to the circular of the French Ministry of War, published in December 1919. The document provided for the collection of information on the military experience of officers in the First World War. Information was also requested from officials of foreign missions in which the French military participated. Among them is the French military mission in Siberia. The document provided for officers to submit notes and memoirs on a wide range of issues. The release of the circular could contribute to the appearance of a large number of officers’ recollections of their stay in Russia during the Civil War. The publication provides an overview of the recollections of former mission members published in France in the 1920–1930s. Keywords: Civil War in Russia (1917–1922), intervention in Russia, French military mission in Siberia, General M. Janin, French Ministry of War, military memoirs, Entente. | 51–57 |
|
Critical Notices and Comments | |
|
P. A. Eltsov Siberian Century / trans. from Engl. by A. V. Sushko DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-58-62 The article presents the translation of a separate chapter from the book of the American anthropologist, historian and political scientist Peter Eltsov, «Long Telegram 2: Neo-Kennanite Approach to Russia», which caused a strong resonance in Russia. In his book, the author gives recommendations to the American establishment about the policy towards Russia, predicting its potential collapse due to internal factors, which are argued in the published text. Keywords: international policy, Cold War, USA , Russia, V. V. Putin, putinism, identity, authoritarianism, Siberia. Printed by permission from the author and Lexington Books Publishing House. | 58–62 |
|
A. V. Sushko «Cold War 2.0» and neo-kennanite approach to Russia: Siberia and Russian Nation DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-63-71 The article contains the analytical commentary on Russian translation of the separate chapter from the book «Long Telegram 2: Neo-Kennanite Approach to Russia» by American anthropologist, historian and political scientist Peter Eltsov. It analyzes critically the reasons, according to Peter Eltsov, why in the historical perspective the collapse of Russia is possible. Keywords: Cold War, «Cold War 2.0», New Cold War, Eltsov Peter, Putinism, Russia, Siberia, civilization, identity, Russian nation. | 63–71 |
|
P. A. Eltsov Postscript on the «Siberian Century»: response to Alexey Sushko DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-72-75 The article contains a reply to the critical comments by Alexey Sushko on the translation of the separate chapter from the book «Long Telegram 2: Neo-Kennanite Approach to Russia» by the American anthropologist, historian and political scientist Peter Eltsov. Replying to the comments of Alexey Sushko, the author additionally explains some key ideas of his book. Keywords: international policy, Cold War, USA , Russia, V. V. Putin, Putinism, Identity, Authoritarianism, Siberia. | 72–75 |
PHILOSOPHY
|
G. V. Biserov Nietzsche’s positivism: discussion between Modemary Clark and Nadeem Hussain DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-76-83 The paper explores a fragment of methodological debate about Nietzsche’s relationship to positivism. On the one hand, Nietzsche’s critique of metaphysics is grounded in empirical arguments and appeals to positivist epistemology of his contemporaries, which allows a number of authors to consider Nietzsche as a «naturalist» and a precursor of post-positivist analytical theories of truth. On the other hand, an older reading of Nietzsche is quite the opposite: Nietzsche has been called a perspectivist for whom any truth is just an interpretation. The discussion between Clark and Hussain lays out the basic arguments of the contemporary reading of Nietzsche’s epistemology in its relation to positivism and, despite the disagreement between the authors, my analysis points to a conclusion that in contemporary American philosophy the positivist reading of Nietzsche’s epistemology prevails. Keywords: positivism, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ernst Mach, analytic philosophy. | 76–83 |
|
Critical Notices and Comments | |
|
A. B. Didikin Personal identity as condition of moral and legal responsibility DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-84-87 The paper analyzes the evolution of philosophical approaches to understanding the personal identity problem. The personal identity is considered as a key philosophical idea and a source of justification for the possibility of moral and legal responsibility. Arguments that demonstrate the failure of physicalism in explaining the personal identity, as well as the limitations of the psychological approach to the perception of personal identity as continuing psychological changes are presented. The author substantiates the position on the relationship of the narrative approach with the behavioral context of the formation and justification of the identity of a person as a manifestation of the actions and their interpretation in the light of the results achieved. Keywords: personal identity; identity; psychological changes; facts, actions, interpretation, responsibility. | 84–87 |
|
E. A. Kalach Personality identity and phenomenology DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-88-94 The article analyzes the theory of personality identity existing in analytical philosophy. The conclusion is drawn that in these theories there is a mixing of a substantial and phenomenal understanding of consciousness, which determines the public and private contexts of understanding the personality. Based on the extended theory of intersubjectivity by Ed. Husserl, it is possible to show that the analytical problem of the substantial nature of personality and the phenomenological problem of the unity of conscious sensation are inextricably linked. Keywords: personality identity, analytical philosophy, phenomenology. | 88–94 |
|
Pros and Сons | |
|
S. Campbell Rapid psychological change / trans. from Engl. O. M. Kadochnikova DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-95-100 The article criticizes the psychological approach to the personal identity problem. An original argument is proposed that emphasizes the difference between gradual and rapid psychological changes. The case of gradual personality changes suggests the presence of psychological continuity in the mental states of a person. It entails that the person survives during such changes. In case of rapid psychological change, the former personality is completely erased by brain-zap to install bit-by-bit a new person at 100 seconds. According to the psychological approach, a person cannot survive during such changes. However, this conclusion leads to a contradiction if we accept Parfit’s principle (which he uses to defend the psychological approach) that what matters in survival cannot depend on a small difference (trivial facts), because such differences are minor. Keywords: personal identity, survival, psychological approach, connectedness, continuity. | 95–100 |
|
A. V. Nekhaev Personal reboot and survival DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-101-108 The article contains a reconstruction of the rapid psychological change argument by Scott Campbell. According to the standard psychological approach, the identity of a person is tied to persistence one’s memories, beliefs, wants and intentions. A person stays the same person if one holds strongly psychologically connected and continuous over time. The structure of rapid psychological change argument is compared with the argument of incredibly long-lasting psychological change by David Lewis. It is concluded that the main goals of critical attacks of these arguments are the temporal mismatch of psychological connectedness and continuity as well as the reductionist claim that all the facts what matters for survival can be described in an impersonal way. Keywords: diachronic personal identity, psychological criterion, psychological continuity and connectedness, brain-zap, survival. | 101–108 |
ECONOMY
|
A. E. Miller, L. M. Davidenko Technological management of oil companies in face of global challenges DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-109-116 The paper describes the current state of integrated economic structures of the oil and gas sector in the face of falling demand for oil and oil products, intensified by the difficult epidemiological situation in regional consumer markets. Methodological approaches to the management of technological resources of large industrial facilities in the restructuring of the management system are justified. Attention is paid to the expansion of the functions of «remote access». The accumulated experience of growing technological potential through the technological integration of digital platforms is summarized. The importance of the effectiveness of innovation and technology activities of companies with the help of centers of responsibility zones, signals of weak activity of multichannel communication at all levels of management is emphasized. Existing programs for technological modernization of production facilities should adapt to fluctuations in supply and demand in the petrochemical products market. Factors of increasing competitiveness include technological superiority, the availability of sources of investment resources, as well as the improvement of technological management of industrial companies, based on a motivational approach to increasing the adaptability of human capital to environmental challenges. Keywords: Technology management, technological integration, oil industry, digital platform. | 109–116 |
|
Yu. I. Rastova, D. A. Stepanenko Innovative business activity in process of implementing «triple helix» model of Henry Itskovich DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-117-121 The study of the interaction of the state, universities and business is carried out, the specifics of the interaction of the elements of the «triple helix» in Russia are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the weak development of the business spiral and the uncertain role of universities in the model of innovative activity. The analysis of the dynamics of the Global Innovation Index and sub-indices is carried out and the weak development of interaction within the framework of innovation clusters, strategic alliances and the low level of R&D funding is revealed. Based on the analysis of the opportunities and limitations of large and small businesses, directions are proposed for increasing the innovative activity of the region. Keywords: innovative activity, triple helix model, small business, business opportunities and limitations, innovative universities, venture financing, R&D. | 117–121 |
|
E. V. Yakovleva, A. R. Terentyeva Formation of approach to research of economic reliability of intellectual infrastructure of technological development of industrial enterprises DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-122-128 One way to ensure the economic reliability of industrial enterprises in modern conditions of digitalization of the economy is to form mechanisms of economic reliability of intellectual infrastructure of technological development of industrial enterprises, which are adequate to these conditions. The work presents the results of the study aimed at justifying and choosing a methodological approach to the formation of mechanisms of economic reliability of the intellectual infrastructure of technological development of industrial enterprises subject to digital transformation of business processes, which causes theoretical significance and novelty of the results obtained. The methodological basis of the study is the popular scientific methods of classification, generalization, comparison, analysis. Keywords: intelligent infrastructure, technological development, economic reliability, economic mechanism, industrial enterprises, digital economy, functional approach, resource approach, system approach, process approach. | 122–128 |
|
T. I. Gordievich, P. V. Ruzanov Alternative inflation rates DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-129-133 Problem and purpose. In 2019, official inflation reached the record low of 3,042 %, which is below the adopted inflation target of 4 %. First of all, this level of inflation plays the role of a politically correct social indicator. Despite the low CPI level, there is an opinion in society about higher inflation. To clarify this issue, you can use alternative indicators of price increases. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze alternative inflation indicators. Methods. The article uses the analytical method. In particular, the main indicators of inflation are analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed indicators of price increases, which serve as alternative indicators of inflation. The analysis carried out in the article allows us to determine the versatility of inflationary processes and the possibility of the formation and use of alternative indicators of price increases. Conclusions. The analysis of inflation indicators showed that the price growth trend is bearish. In the modern economy, real inflationary processes are less intense compared with the data of various experts. The search for an indicator that really reflects price processes is relevant. Today it is the CPI. Its value is important, as it is used to adjust the minimum wage, pensions, benefits and can lead to a deterioration in the standard of living of significant groups of the population. Keywords: inflation, CPI, core inflation, GDP deflator, key rate, loan rate, money supply, retail turnover. | 129–133 |
|
V. I. Sribnuj Features of development of Russian economy in conditions of transformation of competitive environment DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-134-140 In this article, the author proposes priority trends that determine the features of socio-economic development considered in the context of the influence of four factor groups (social, political, economic, and technological groups of factors). The main problems at the present stage of development of the Russian economy are considered as a whole and individual economic entities are highlighted. The state of the Russian economy and specifics of development of the Russian economy in the conditions of transformation of competitive environment are observed. The author defines the reasons that negatively affect the development of the national socio-economic system. Keywords: transformation, socio-economic development, socio-economic system, informal information economy. | 134–140 |
|
E. N. Tsoraeva On economic efficiency of using lands in municipal district DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-3-141-146 Land use in accordance with its intended purpose is important part of land management, both in the municipality and in the country as a whole. The article considers the analysis of the state and dynamics of changes in the land fund, which allows to determine the prospects for land use. Determining the prospects for land use makes it possible to prepare in advance for future changes, to calculate the possible consequences of the actions applied in the present. And also allows you to solve the problems of efficient and rational use of land resources. Therefore, the study of the state of the land fund and the prospects for its use is relevant. Keywords: municipality, land use, prospects, type of permitted use, Primorsko- Akhtarsky district, land fund. | 141–146 |