Vol. 9, no. 2, 2024
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTSHISTORY
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S. V. Novikov The Russian Public Movement: program positions and place in the political spectrum of Russia (1994–1996) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-5-13 The article is devoted to the activities of the Russian Public Movement, the analysis of the provisions of its Program and the identification of a place in the political spectrum of both the West Siberian region and the Russian Federation as a whole. The analysis of the transformation program is carried out with full consideration of the political activities of the Russian Public Movement and related organizations, as well as their structural units in the election campaigns of the mid-1990s. Referring to various sources of information, such as archive collections, the public press, reference publications, scientific articles and analytical materials, the author of the work aims to analyze the programmatic provisions of the Russian Public Movement, restoring a complex picture of its participation in the political events of the second half of the 1990s, to identify its place in the changing picture of the political forces of the Russian Federation. The analysis allows us to conclude that the Russian Public Movement was the result of the dispersion of the electorate of the Congress of Russian Communities, between many insignificant parties and movements that were artificially brought to participate in the elections. The further activity of the movement was associated with the presidential elections of the Russian Federation in 1996. The political fate of the movement reflected the evolution of the views of the ruling elite on the formation of their political image against the background of the rejection of the liberal doctrine by the population. Keywords: national organizations, concepts of economic development, state-legal theories, «red belt», election campaigns, Russian Public Movement, Omsk region. |
5-13 |
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S. A. Papkov Transforming Novosibirsk into the capital of Siberia in the early 1920s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-14-21 The development of Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk) and its transformation into a city of all-Siberian importance is connected with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the growth of the city's economy due to its favorable geographical location. The decision about Novonikolayevsk as a residence of Siberia's governing bodies was made in a hurry, with the resistance of various interested parties and was finally approved in the spring of 1921 in the conditions of acute crisis caused by the consequences of the civil war. In such an environment the mass transfer from Omsk and the organization of all-Siberian institutions in Novonikolaevsk began, with the simultaneous creation of provincial government bodies in the city as well. As a result, this led to enormous problems with the accommodation of numerous employees with their families and strenuous efforts to overcome the housing crisis. Radical measures were taken to solve the difficulties: emergency commissions were setup to search for and distribute premises, mass evictions outside the city of residents not connected with service in Soviet institutions were carried out. But these measures had only a minor effect – the housing crisis and the shortage of office space persisted for decades. Keywords: Siberia, Siberian Revolutionary Committee, administrative center, Novonikolaevsk, relocation, housing crisis. |
14-21 |
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A. V. Sushko The icon of Ukrainian Nazis: on the question of the historical assessment of the «heroes» under the Protection of the Virgin Mary and their modern admirers DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-22-32 The study is based on a source analysis (external criticism) of a modern icon of Ukrainian nationalists, on which, under the Protection of the Virgin Mary, among other historical figures, Greek Catholic metropolitans Andrei Sheptytsky and Joseph Slipyi are depicted, as well as the leaders of the OUN-UPA (organizations recognized as extremist in Russia and banned) Stepan Bandera and Roman Shukhevych. A historical assessment of the activities and the presence of these figures who collaborated with the German Nazis on the icon is given. The main emphasis is on the interaction of the depicted «heroes» with the NSDAP, SS, SD and Gestapo, found guilty of crimes against humanity by the International Military Tribunal. In addition to the image itself, which became the reason for writing this article, the source for the study is the forensic investigative documentation of the Soviet state security agencies, during and after the end of the Great Patriotic War, interrogating captured employees of the German special services, Ukrainian nationalists and witnesses to their war crimes. The presence of specific common features in the biographies depicted on the icon of Nazi criminals has been established. The author emphasizes that people who publicly glorify Ukrainian nationalists through an icon are subject to Article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which requires states parties to the Convention to prosecute them. Keywords: Ukrainian nationalism, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Uniates, Orthodox Church of Ukraine, OUN-UPA, special services, Andrey Sheptytsky, Joseph Slipyi, Stepan Bandera, Roman Shukhevych. |
22-32 |
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A. S. Lizogub Keeping the memory of Napoleonic wars: forms of international cooperation between Russia and the German Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-33-41 The article is devoted to the characteristics of the main forms of international cooperation used at the beginning of the twentieth century keeping the memory of significant events in military history. Based on archival documents, press materials and personal testimonies, the preparation, semantic content and attitude of society towards Russia's participation in commemorative projects implemented on the territory of the German Empire on the eve of the First World War are analyzed. The focus is on considering the features and problems of building narratives about the joint military past of the two empires within the framework of the international exhibition in Breslau and the opening of monuments in Leipzig. The author concluded that the implementation of commemorative projects dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the victory in the Napoleonic wars is influenced by the existing system of international relations. Behind the scenes of the grandiose celebrations was hidden the desire of the German Empire to provide a historical justification for its foreign policy course. For the Russian state, participation in joint projects provided an opportunity to remind Europe of its role in the international arena and the strength of the army. Promising directions for further research of the problem are outlined. Keywords: politics of memory, commemorative practices, international cooperation, places of memory, Napoleonic wars, battle of Leipzig, Russian Empire, German Empire. |
33-41 |
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M. S. Novikov The development of Russian federalism in the 1990s (on the example of the Omsk region) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-42-49 In the framework of the presented article, the author analyzes the process of management transformation in the Omsk region in the 1990s as the formation of federalism in the Russian Federation. Later, the author of the article plans to carry out similar work in relation to the Altai Territory and the Tyumen region. Based on the available scientific developments and introducing into circulation a wide range of sources, the author of the work identifies the features of the development of federalism in the Omsk region within the framework of the system of socio-political and economic relations. Omsk region had serious industrial and agricultural potential, but also raw materials problems, exacerbated by the transition to market relations. The local leadership put forward the idea of regionalization of economic reform, which required the presence of a strong authoritarian business executive in power. But the active privatization carried out by external forces led to rapid bankruptcy, which did not suit the local leadership, and the population is not satisfied with the decline in living standards. In the Omsk region, this situation leads to increased support for left-wing parties. As part of the national administrative construction, the Azov German National District was created in the Omsk region. The idea of creating the territorial autonomy of the Siberian Tatars, triggered by the process of privatization of the oil industry, was stopped by transferring it to owners living outside the Omsk region. Keywords: Russian federalism, regionalism, political struggle, «Red belt», national autonomy, economic reforms, Omsk region, L. K. Polezhaev. |
42-49 |
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I. S. Silchenko The features of reconnaissance operations of the 3rd brigade of the Russian expeditionary corps on the Western front. December 1916–March 1917 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-50-56 The article analyzes the preparation and conduct of reconnaissance operations in the area of the French commune of Aubйrive using the example of two regiments of the 3rd Special Infantry Brigade of the Russian Expeditionary Forces in France. The common and unique features of the French front inherent in the activities of the Russian troops are highlighted. The basis of the research is a set of unpublished sources from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Bakhmetyev Archive of Columbia University (USA), the archive of the Russian Cultural Center (USA). The author notes that, despite the inconsistency of the actions of artillery and infantry, the raids were quite well thought out, this allowed not only to carry out a combat mission, but also to save personnel. Keywords: Russian Imperial Army, Russian Expeditionary Force, France, military intelligence, military stratagem. |
50-56 |
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A. N. Steblyanskaya The Semenov-Znamensky family in Harbin. Materials for the biography DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-50-56 Continuity of generations is a very serious issue for Harbin residents. Harbin residents have always tried to preserve the memory of their ancestors. Preserving the history of Russian emigration has a high relevance of the problem. The history of many Russian families is connected with Harbin, wh ere there was the largest Russian diaspora. Nowadays this city is the administrative center of the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. We should not forget about the people who built the Chinese Eastern Railway, as well as about the Russian emigrants who lived in Harbin, but kept the image of Russia in their hearts and contributed enough to Russian culture and science. The purpose of this paper is to study the Russian emigrants life in Harbin and to restore contact with their descendants. The article uses historical and system analysis and bibliographic research method. The paper tells about the amazing life of Nikolai Nikolaevich Znamensky: his childhood in Harbin, his relatives, his move to the USSR, his admiration of nowadays China, and also focuses on the message of Nikolai Nikolaevich Znamensky to modern Harbin residents. Keywords: Harbin, emigration, USSR, Chinese Eastern Railway, Russian Club in Harbin, Russian Scientific Research Center «Harbin», Semenov-Znamensky family in Harbin. |
57-66 |
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K. A. Tishkina Commemorative events in the Omsk region (1937) on the occasion of 100th anniversary of death of A. S. Pushkin DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-67-73 One of the significant events of 1937 in the USSR was the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin, which contributed to attracting the attention of Soviet citizens to the life and work of the poet. The purpose of this work is to examine the process of organizing and holding Pushkin Days in settlements of the Omsk region. The choice of the region is connected with the coverage of a large territory, which was inhabited by different populations. The research is based on a number of unpublished documents from the funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk region, as well as materials of the periodical press of the Omsk region for 1936–1937. In conclusion, it is noted that the celebration of the anniversary of the poet's death significantly influenced the development of cultural life in the USSR, helped to attract the population to the problem of illiteracy, attracted the indigenous population of Siberia to participate in the event. Keywords: A. S. Pushkin, Omsk region, Omsk, Pushkin committee, memorialization, cultural life. |
67-73 |
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A. D. Averkiev Sources on the history of monasteries of the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese in the XVIII century: types and characteristics of information potentials DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-74-81 The article provides a detailed description of archival historical sources about the life, economic activity and daily life of the monasteries of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese in the XVIII century. The relevance of the study is to expand the understanding of the information potential of insufficiently studied archival funds on this issue. The theoretical basis of the research is a combination of an institutional approach, the principle of consistency and a comparative historical method. This methodological set made it possible, by identifying and processing the sources, to establish that the transformations in the church structure radically changed the nature and types of historical sources containing information about the administration, economy and internal life of monasteries. Keywords: historical sources, Russian Orthodox Church, Nizhny Novgorod diocese, monasteries, church life. |
74-81 |
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I. V. Makarov The introduction of the metric system of weights and measures in the Omsk district in the 1920s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-82-87 The article is devoted the process metric reform of the 1920s, which is one of the most important parts of the history of Russian and Siberian metrology and an integral part of the socio-economic modernization of the USSR, in the Omsk district. The purpose of the article is to establish the circumstances of the metric reform in the Omsk district, as well as to identify the problems and difficulties that arose during the transition to the metric system of weights and measures. The main sources for writing the article are the files of the funds the Historical Archive of Omsk Region, primarily the fund of the Omsk Chamber of Weights and Measures; the files from State Archive of Novosibirsk Region are also used. The article describes the process of transition to the metric system in the Omsk district through the activities of the district interdepartmental metric commission and the verification chamber of weights and measures. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about the progress of the metric reform in the Omsk district. Keywords: Early Soviet Period, metric reform, metrication, Omsk province, Omsk district. |
82-87 |
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E. I. Mikhailenko The Vice-governor in the system of the administrative elite of steppe regions in the West Siberian and Steppe General-Governorships in the second half of the XIX–beginning of XX century DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-88-96 The article analyzes the position of Vice-governor in the system of administrative elite of Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Semirechensk regions of the Russian Empire. Using the normative-legal base of local institutions of these regions, the «formal» position of officials in this position in the general structure of administrative power is characterized. Management in steppe regions is characterized by remoteness of territories from the center of decision-making, high share of nomadic population, marginal position. In this regard, the peculiarities of the position of Vice-governors in the steppe regions and in the interior of Russia are revealed. One of the important features of the service of these officials is the combination of military and civil power in the steppe regions and the lack of a clear division of responsibilities between the elements of the administrative elite. For the socio-cultural characterization of the composition of the Vice-governor corps we used the form lists and personal files of officials kept in the archives: the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These data are published for the first time. The article concludeswith a socio-cultural portrait of a typical Vice-governor of a steppe region, an analysis of the typical career trajectories of the official and a comparison of the scope of authority with similar officials from internal Russian provinces. Keywords: historical anthropology, collective portrait, prosopography, Vice-governor, West Siberian Governor-General, Steppe Governor-General, Steppe region, Akmola region. |
88-96 |
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History Name |
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M. V. Krotova «Siberian Satrap» M. M. Lashevich and his death in Harbin DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-97-105 The article is dedicated to the Soviet politician M. M. Lashevich (1884–1928), a participant in the revolution and the Civil War, chairman of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that his activities as a fellow chairman of the Board of the CER in 1926–1928 little known, as are the causes of death in Harbin. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the final period of Lashevich’s life in the context of the Soviet presence in China, with emphasis placed on the perception of Lashevich’s personality by Russian emigration in Manchuria, the circumstances of his death and posthumous biography using an anthropological approach and the biographical method. The research is based on unpublished sources, ego-documents and periodical materials from Harbin. The author emphasizes that the study of such extraordinary figures as Lashevich is important not only for understanding Soviet policy in China, but also for clarifying the problems of perception and assessment of the activities of Soviet leaders by ideological opponents. Keywords: historical anthropology, Jews, M. M. Lashevich, CER, Manchuria, Harbin, Russian emigration, Russian Revolution, Civil War. |
97-105 |
PHILOSOPHY
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Critical Notices and Comments |
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R. L. Kochnev Teletransporter and other troubles DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-106-111 The article is a commentary on the work of Alexey Kardash Teletransporter and Origami. It critically analyses the objections to the survival of the person in teleportation: about hidden dualism, about violation of cause-and-effect relations and about reflexive predicament. To answer, a reconstruction of Javier Hidalgo’s views presented in Survival of Teleportation is used. It is concluded that the objections raised by Alexey Kardash are problematic. Keywords: personal identity, teleportation, causation, Parfit, survival. |
106-111 |
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IN MEMORIA CLASSICA |
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S. Kahn Kant and the trolley / trans. from Engl. A. V. Nekhaev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-112-119 The article explores the applicability of Kant’s ethics, which prohibited the use people as mere means, in solutions to various Trolley problem scenarios. Based on the distinction between notions ‘using as mere means’ and ‘treating as mere means’, the precise requirements of Kant’s prohibition are reconstructed. Keywords: Kant, trolley problem, deontology, Kant’s prohibition, formula of humanity, categorical imperative. |
112-119 |
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ARGUMENTS AND PREDICATES |
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S. Holm, J. Lewis Abortion: pro et contra / trans. from Engl. A. V. Nekhaev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-120-131 The article provides a critical review of some of the most common arguments actively used in the abortion debate. Based on the notion of moral personhood, the main groups of such arguments (no full moral status, full moral status, and gradualism) are identified and characterized. Separate consideration is given to the right of pregnant women to abortion, the legal defense of the fetus' right to life, and the practice of using the medical concept of viability in law. Keywords: induced abortion, moral status arguments, abortion laws, rights of pregnant women, fetal viability. |
120-131 |
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PROVOCATION |
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A. R. Galloway The autism of reason / trans. from Engl. Z. M. Neustroev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-132-140 The article examines the key principles of Franзois Laruelle’s non-philosophical project and analyzes it comparatively with the Kantian categories of a priori, a posteriori, analytical and synthetic. It discovers certain parallels between the a priori and transcendental account of non-philosophy, its theory of subjectivity and autistic perception of the real. Keywords: non-philosophy, a priori, subject, Ego, One, Laruelle, Kant. |
132-140 |
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C. McGinn The concept of a person / trans. from Engl. A. V. Nekhaev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-141-145 The essay contains a critique of the metaphysical ways to use of the term ‘person’. Since the term does not designate any natural kind, philosophers must abandon the question ‘what constitutes the continued existence of a person?’. It’s just a bad question. All well-defined questions about identity (‘what is human animal identity?’, ‘what is human mind identity?’, and so on) should formulate only in terms of natural kinds. Keywords: person, quasi person, personal identity, natural kinds, phase sortals. |
141-145 |
ECONOMY
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A. E. Miller, N. S. Rudenko Modeling the digital transformation of industrial holdings DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-146-15 The article reflects the achieved results of research on methodological provisions related to the application of economic models in the digital transformation of industrial holdings. The methodology of using economic models under consideration made it possible to identify the target orientation and the main tasks of digital transformation. The characteristic features of the proposed methodology should be considered: generalization of the signs of digital transformation; argumentation of distinctive properties that affect the development of economic models in the digital transformation of industrial holdings. The studied aspects make it possible to clarify the conceptual provisions of the classical theory of digital transformation of economic systems, in terms of studying problematic situations arising in the process of digital transformation of industrial holdings, as well as substantiating concepts such as modeling, digital transformation, models of digital transformation of industrial systems, to highlight the main stages of development of digital transformation of industrial systems. As part of the methodological implementation of the proposed methodology, an instrumental approach is considered that allows to systematize the tools of digital transformation of industrial systems in the context of digital business models, digital technologies and platform solutions, as well as to argue the key features of each of the tools. The advantage of the instrumental approach is the possibility of studying the established economic models of digital transformation and substantiating the author's model of digital transformation of an industrial holding. The proposed model allows you to: optimize the configuration of manufactured products and processes of its life cycle in terms of optimizing the added value of an industrial holding; integrate systems and processes, as well as the value chain of an industrial holding, the components of which are: optimization of production, environmental safety, cost reduction, asset productivity, productivity improvement, profitability growth and increase in the value of the holding. Keywords: industrial holding, technological transformation, modeling, technologies, instrumental approach, industry. |
146-152 |
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N. M. Kalinina, E. A. Balashova Planning the audit of results of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise: organizational and methodological aspect of auditing expenses DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-153-163 This article discusses current issues related to planning an audit of the financial results of a business entity, in particular, it outlines organizational and methodological approaches to auditing expenses. The authors summarized the existing methods for auditing various groups of company expenses, systematized the experience of conducting audits taking into account the norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The author's vision of the organizational and methodological design of planning an expense audit is proposed, an audit program is developed, a list of auditor working documents is generated, and practical recommendations are given. Keywords: accounting, audit, auditor, costs, methodology, audit report, audit program. |
153-163 |
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E. V. Medvedev Incompetent managers — modern realities in Russian companies DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-2-164-169 In the article, the author raises the question of the incompetence of modern managers. The purpose of the study is to analyze such a category as managers, as well as to identify the reasons for their incompetence and offer recommendations for improving the situation. In conclusion, the author draws a conclusion about the work done and proposes a set of measures to increase the level of competence of our managers. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of the country's enterprises, as well as in the authorities. Keywords: the concept of a manager, manager, administrative and managerial personnel, enterprise personnel, competence, personnel training, labor resources. |
164-169 |