Vol. 8, no. 1, 2023
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTSHISTORY
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A. V. Zhadan Activities of territorial bodies of the NKVD in Far East providing road safety in 1941–1945 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-9-15 The publication is devoted to a little–studied aspect of the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Far East during the Great Patriotic War - providing road safety. The basis of the work is unpublished sources related to the official and party documentation of the regional departments of the NKVD of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism and consistency, as well as general scientific historical and logical methods. The article describes the situation in the field of road safety in the Far East during the period under study, analyzes the causes and conditions of its deterioration, the measures taken by the internal affairs bodies to normalize the operational situation. Keywords: NKVD, Great Patriotic War, Far East, rear, frontline zone, traffic police, Traffic police, road safety, military anthropology, everyday life. |
9-15 |
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V. A. Ivanov The struggle of the Saki underground organization against the Nazi occupiers. 1942–1944 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-16-25 In the article, based on both previously unknown and published documents, there is considered the history of the underground struggle of Valentin Vyacheslavovich Kamler in the territory of the city of Saki of the Crimean ASSR. The author used materials from: the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the archival department (municipal archive) of the administration of the city of Saki, the museum of local history and mud therapy of the city of Saki. The actions of the underground workers are analyzed, including the following aspects: anti-fascist propaganda and agitation; collection, manufacture and storage of ammunition, military equipment; intelligence activities; the attraction of personnel from Nazi-allied foreign military contingents to the side of the Soviet government. In this work for the first time since the end of the Great Patriotic War, the names of the provocateurs who extradited V. V. Kamler and his associates to the Nazi special services and the police, are named. The publication is addressed primarily to researchers of the underground resistance movement, local historians and publicists. Keywords: Great Patriotic War, V. V. Kamler, Saki city, Crimean ASSR, underground organization, German and Slovak occupiers. |
16-25 |
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V. V. Kalinovsky «Let’s remember everyone by name»: reflecting on the martyrology of the victims of Civil War in Omsk region DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-26-31 The paper provides an analytical review of the scientific reference publication «Victims of the Civil War: a reference book-martyrology on the act records of the parish registers of the temples of the Omsk region (June 1918–December 1919)», prepared by the creative team of Omsk historians-archivists — candidates of historical sciences Dmitry Igorevich Petin and Maxim Maksimovich Stelmak. The features of the author’s approach, chosen as key criteria in the preparation of the publication, are critically comprehended. The use of a theoretical set, consisting of the principle of consistency, problematic and comparative historical methods, allows us to present the analyzed work as a striking phenomenon of historical science. The general scientific, cultural and methodological novelty of the publication is noted. Keywords: historical science, local history, books of memory, martyrology, scientific reference publications, military anthropology, commemoration, Civil War, White movement, Soviet power, Omsk. |
26-31 |
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E. V. Leshukova Agitation and propaganda work and fight against defeatist sentiments in Khanty-Mansiysk National District at initial stage of the Great Patriotic War DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-32-39 The study describes main aspects of the agitation and propaganda work of the authorities of the Khanty-Mansiysk National District and analyzes its impact on the socio-political conditions of life and behavior of the population at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War. The source base of the study is the office documents of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, stored in the Historical Archive of the Omsk region and the State Archive of Socio-Political History of Tyumen region. The author comes to the conclusion that in the difficult conditions of the beginning of the war with Nazi Germany, the party leadership of the district showed determination and firmness in carrying out measures of a political and educational nature. The intensity and coherence of the work of the district’s party bodies in organizing rallies, meetings, lectures, talks, speeches and other forms of agitation and mass events contributed to strengthening the spiritual uplift of Ugra residents, neutralizing negative political sentiments, thereby ensuring the stability of the internal political situation in one of the rear areas of the country. Keywords: the Great Patriotic War, propaganda work, party organs, the Red Army, the Soviet rear, Omsk region, Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansiysk National District. |
32-39 |
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M. S. Novikov The attitude of the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists and its subsidiaries to national administrative construction in 1987–1998 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-40-48 The People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists is the least popular among Russian historians of organizations operating on the territory of the Russian Federation. Formed in Serbia in 1930, by emigrants, it was the oldest Russian national organization opposing the communist regime in the USSR. During the years of perestroika, the solidarists were unable to create a unified party structure in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and act independently. As a result, the organization collaborated with anti-communists from «Democratic Russia», influenced the formation of the Russian Christian Democratic Movement. Members of the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists actively participated in the discussion of economic and social issues relevant to the new statehood, including national administrative construction. The analysis of the organization’s documents, memoirs of its participants, and party journalism allow us to conclude that the lack of a unified program for the transformation of the country, focusing primarily on criticism of the Soviet experience, led to the transformation of the organization into a «discussion club» with further disappearance from the political life of the country. However, the created atmosphere of rejection of the national administrative reforms of the USSR led the solidarists and their supporters to justify and glorify the dissolution of the USSR, the loss of a number of territories and the creation of numerous points of confrontation between the federal government and the subjects of the federation. Keywords: People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists, Democratic Union, Russian Christian Democratic Movement, collapse of the USSR, administrative and national construction in the Russian Federation. |
40-48 |
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A. V. Chichulin Problematic issues of the evolution of pre-revolutionary cooperative legislation in Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-49-56 The article reveals problematic issues related to the process of formation and development of pre-revolutionary Russian cooperative legislation. The main stages of legislative support for the development of cooperative organizations and their unions are identified. The nature and degree of administrative influence of various state authorities on the cooperative movement in the pre-revolutionary period is determined. Problematic moments associated with collisions of cooperative legislation that interfere with the effective functioning of the cooperative system in Russia are identified. Keywords: state authority, legislative act, codification, cooperative movement, cooperative legislation, cooperative policy, cooperative statute, supervisory functions of the state, normative documents, legal regulation. |
49-56 |
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Round table |
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D. I. Petin Genealogy of the Omsk Batyushkins family in first half of the 19th century according to church records DOI: 10.25206 / 2542-0488-2023-8-1-58-64 The work based on unpublished sources (church records), presents an analytical review of information about the representatives of the Batyushkins family — close direct ancestors of the subsequently wealthy and famous family in pre-revolutionary Omsk. The purpose of the work is to identify the genealogical origins and connections of the Batyushkins family, which contributed to the entry of this family into the merchant class. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of the anthropological approach and the historical-genetic method. In conclusion, the special role of the merchant E. A. Terekhov in acquiring a new status for the Batyushkins family and in the general consolidation of the Omsk business families at the personal communicative level in the second half of the 19th century is emphasized. Keywords: Russian Empire, local history, Russian Imperial Army, cantonists, lower ranks, non-commissioned officers, people from different classes, merchants, business history, practical genealogy, Omsk. |
58-64 |
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M. M. Stelmak «Kept to distribute 44 copies of proclamations...»: about the biography of Omsk revolutionary Nadezhda Terekhova (Belonogova) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-65-72 This publication reconstructs the biography of N. M. Terekhova (Belonogova) political figure of Omsk social-democratic, a teacher, an active participant in the socio-political movement in Western Siberia. Despite the very significant contribution to the activities of the RSDLP, the biography of this revolutionary is not reflected in historiography, her name was not included in the official Soviet historiography, although many associates, and sometimes opponents in their memoirs mentioned it, even after several decades. In the official press about it, they wrote quite rarely. The basis for the publication is a set of published and unpublished memories, memoirs and materials of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the particular relevance and importance of genealogical practices in the study of regional socio-political history. Keywords: historical anthropology, gender history, RSDLP, revolutionary movement, social-democrats, First Russian revolution, teaching, merchants, Omsk. |
65-72 |
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I. V. Fedotova Difficulties and Achievements: formation of Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions of the Red Army (1919–1920) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-73-82 The article described a little-studied aspect of Soviet military construction in Siberia at the final stage of the Civil War in Russia — the creation and the first months of the activity of the Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions of the Red Army. The source base of the study is unpublished materials of the office work of Siberian Revolutionary Committee, the Omsk press and memoirs. The theoretical basis of the study is a combination of anthropological and systemic approaches, problem-chronological, comparative-historical and biographical methods. The author comes to the conclusion about the key role of the Soviet military leaders M. N. Tukhachevsky and N. I. Koritsky in the formation of a network of military schools in Siberia, and the influence of the Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions on the development of military education in the region and the cultural level of the local population. Keywords: Civil War in Russia, Red Army, Red Army General Staff Academy, military education, periodicals, military periodicals, M. N. Tukhachevsky, N. I. Koritsky, Siberia, Omsk. |
73-82 |
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NOTA BENE |
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A. V. Sushko Regional Dimension of history of Organs of GPU-OGPU: to the analysis of monograph by A. B. Gularyan and A. Yu. Sarana DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-83-89 The article characterizes the monograph of the Oryol researchers A. B. Gularyan and A. Yu. Saran, specialists in the history of domestic special services. The publication provides a comprehensive study of the structure, main directions and regional features of the activities of the GPU-OGPU bodies in the Omsk Irtysh region and the Oryol Pooch region in 1922–1934. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the monograph. It is emphasized that it contributes to the study of the political, social and everyday history of the early Soviet society. As a merit of the authors, an innovative approach to the study and comparison of the activities of the regional structures of the Soviet special services in different regions that are significantly distant from each other is noted. It is concluded that Russian historians should support and continue such an undertaking, expanding its scope geographically and chronologically. This, in general, will allow us to look at the history of state security agencies from a new angle and significantly complement scientific knowledge about their past. Keywords: historiography, regional history, special services, state security agencies, GPU, OGPU, Soviet society, local history, Orel, Omsk, review. |
83-89 |
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D. A. Bazhanov At the dawn of the White Movement (about A. S. Puchenkov’s monograph «The first year of the Volunteer Army: from the emergence of the “Alekseevskaya Organization” to the formation of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia (November 1917 – December 1918)») DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-90-95 The author analyzes A. S. Puchenkov’s monograph «The first year of the Volunteer Army: from the emergence of the “Alekseevskaya Organization” to the formation of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia (November 1917– December 1918)». There is no doubt about the relevance of the plot chosen by A. S. Puchenkov, which is confirmed by the ongoing scientific discussion reflected in the monographs and articles analyzed by the researcher. The author’s balanced approach to the consideration of a number of complex issues of the Civil War in Russia is noted. He critically comprehends the causes and circumstances of the birth of the counterrevolution, and shows both the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging White Movement. The author concluded that the book by A. S. Puchenkov allows to get a comprehensive picture of the military and political formation of the White Movement in the South of Russia, highlights the main factors for the success of the counter-revolution in 1918, presents vivid portraits of its leaders, revealing their difficult relationships. Of particular importance is the disclosure of the role of the correlation of regional separatism and all-Russian state patriotism in the subsequent defeat of the Whites. Some critical notes that show the following ways of research on the basis of the Russian Civil War are made. Keywords: Russian Civil War, White Movement, Volunteer Army, Don Cossacks, M. V. Alekseev, L. G. Kornilov, A. I. Denikin |
90-95 |
PHILOSOPHY
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O. A. Kozyreva Why do we need indexicals in communication? DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-96-101 The article discusses the pragmatics of using indexicals in communication. I consider the thesis of the indispensability of indexicals from natural languages and the idea that indexicals cannot be reduced to other referential expressions such as descriptions and proper names. Usually, the thesis is supported by the role indexicals play in linguistic communication, making it easier for individuals. I criticize this line of argument by pointing out that indexical expressions can complicate communication as well. The reason for that is using indexicals instead of descriptions reduces the accuracy of information communicated in utterances. Keywords: indexical, pragmatics, semantics, reference, meaning, communication. |
96-101 |
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T. S. Demin, K. G. Frolov Knowledge-that, Knowledge-how, consciousness and artificial intelligence DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-102-109 The article is devoted to the discussion about the relationship between knowledge and skill. This discussion arose within the critique of dualism. It is believed that dualism presupposes an intellectualism in which knowledge-how always derived from knowledge-that. The article proposes a method of distinguishing knowledge-how and knowledge-that through characteristic properties. This method allows us to draw a strict boundary between the two types of knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the relationship between the two types of knowledge through the inclusion of knowledge-how as a necessary but not sufficient condition for knowledge-that. In the final part of the article, the principle of indistinguishability of knowledge-how among different agents is introduced, on the basis of which it is argued that the division into knowledge-how and knowledge-that works in the interests of dualism, and not vice versa, as supposed by Gilbert Ryle. This division makes sense in light of the Chinese room argument and the demonstration of the difference between humans and weak artificial intelligence. Keywords: epistemology, knowledge-that, knowledge-how, skill, artificial intelligence. |
102-109 |
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A. M. Kardash A knowledge first virtue reliabilism of Christoph Kelp DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-110-117 This article examines Christoph Kelp’s project of epistemology, which combines the approaches of Timothy Williamson’s knowledge-first approach and Ernest Sosa’s virtue reliabilism. Arguments are given in favour of the position that Kelp’s theory of competence is a quite productive and substantially self-contained epistemological concept. It allows to construct special epistemologies and to analyse the competence of non-human actors. Keywords: knowledge-first epistemology, virtue epistemology, reliabilism, Christoph Kelp, competence theory. |
110-117 |
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P. V. Opolev Enactivism as an epistemology for science of complexity DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-118-126 Contemporary science of complexity have a significant impact on ideas about the relationship between humans and the environment. They integrate the achievements of systems approach, cybernetics, synergetics, constructing an ontology of diversity, which requires a radical conceptual turn in epistemology. Enactivism is an under-appreciated epistemological strategy that proceeds from notions of complex self-organising systems, the kinds of relationship between the knower and the knowable. Declaring the functional equality of subject and object, enactivism shows similarities with some of the new ontology principles — anti-sensationalism, anti-reductionism and heterogeneity. According to the new ontologies and enactivism, the human being is not a self-contained ‘selfness’. Under enactivism, man is given the most ‘ecological’ strategy for knowing diversity. This strategy covers not only the ‘ecology’ of impersonal self-organising systems, but also the human mind, including the principles of complex thinking. The closest to science of complexity is the position of autopoiesis enactivism, which avoids the extremes of biologism, psychologism, solipsism, and schematism in the cognition of diversity. Keywords: complexity, science of complexity, new ontologies, corporeality, philosophy of complexity, enactivism. |
118-126 |
| PROVOCATION |
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C. McGinn Selfish Genes and Moral Parasites / trans. from Engl. A. V. Nekhaev DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-127-135 The essay raises questions about the origins of altruistic behaviour. A proper understanding of such behaviours must take into account the evidence of our best biological theories, which indicate that in the animal world (including Homo Sapiens Sapiens) there is no place for genuine altruism. What we often mistakenly call ‘altruism’ is the result of selfish genes. Keywords: selfishness, altruism, selfish gene, manipulative behavior, foundations of morality. |
127-135 |
ECONOMY
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A. R. Terentyeva Approbation of the mechanism of economic reliability on the example of an industrial enterprise DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-136-146 The article considers the operation of the cascade model of the mechanism of economic reliability based on the process-technological approach. To analyze the current state of an industrial enterprise, a generalized indicator of the level of economic reliability in dynamics over six years has been established using the desirability function. Absolute indicators for the main processes of an industrial enterprise have been translated into dimensionless ones, and partial indicators of desirability have been found. Comparing the level of economic reliability with the estimates of the Harrington desirability scale meets the requirements of finding a generalized economic reliability function with a set of criteria indicators. An analysis of the potential level of economic reliability was also carried out and compared with the actual level of economic reliability. The analysis of the level of organization of ensuring economic reliability by organizational-managerial and production-technological modules revealed the bottlenecks of an industrial enterprise. The purpose of the work is to test the mechanism of economic reliability on the example of an industrial enterprise. The result of the developed methodology is the formation of a mechanism of economic reliability based on the process-technological approach and the introduction of this mechanism into the economic activity of an industrial enterprise. The results obtained can be applied at industrial enterprises of any scale of production and organizational and legal form in the conditions of modern technological dynamics to increase the level of economic reliability. The author of the article came to the following conclusions: the implemented mechanism of economic reliability in the activity of an industrial enterprise allows identifying bottlenecks, as well as developing measures to eliminate them, thereby increasing the level of economic reliability; the action of this mechanism should be continuous, since the intensification of technological dynamics is an aggressive factor influencing the efficiency, stability and sustainability of the functioning of an industrial enterprise. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific methods of classification, generalization, comparison, analysis. Keywords: technological development, economic reliability, economic mechanism, industrial enterprise, digital economy, process-technological approach. |
136-146 |