Vol. 5, no. 1, 2020
OMSK SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. SERIES «SOCIETY. HISTORY. MODERNITY»
CONTENTS
HISTORY
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Zh. E. Levina Worldview revolutions of the XIX–early XX centuries and image of Siberia in social and cultural practice of artists of Western Siberia in 1920’s–1930’s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-9-17 In the era of the «visual revolution», the relevance of research on the artistic display of Siberia is due to the necessity to get a better understanding of how to create an image of the region, to analyze the peculiarities of reflection of the Siberian culture of the Soviet period, as well as to assess the interaction of European, Russian/Soviet and Siberian culture on a worldview level. The present article considers the problem of the representation of Siberia in the practice of West Siberian artists that has been little studied in Russian history. The degree of influence on the local authors’ work of the anthropological revolution of the XIX century and the Soviet cultural revolution is analyzed. The professional art associations of Siberia are shown as the ones which sensitively respond to Domestic and Western European intellectual fashion trends and hobbies but at the same time being aware of their specificity of the community. The dynamics of artistic display about the natural, ethnic, social and cultural, everyday features of the West Siberian region is reflected in the article. The creation of an encyclopedic image of Siberia being free fr om local stereotypes and auto-stereotypes, in conditions of unification of themes and plots of the era of the Soviet cultural revolution is demonstrated. Keywords: anthropological revolution, cultural revolution, image of Siberia, art of the West Siberia, artists of the West Siberia, «New Siberia» Association, Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia, Soviet everyday life. |
9–17 |
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S. V. Novikov Formation of political organizations in Western Siberia during fragmentation and collapse of CPSU. 1989–1991 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-18-24 The events of the 1980s, perestroika in the USSR and the rapid process of politicization of relations between social groups, require further analysis. The actual material accumulated and processed in a series of dissertations and monographic West Siberian studies makes it possible to analyze the contribution of political forces that appeared during the years of perestroika to the destruction of the administrativecommand system for a long time ensuring the existence and development of the Soviet state. Even after 30 years, it is difficult to determine what these events were: the counter-revolution, the revolution, the Thermidorian upheaval.This situation is complicated by the differences in the interests of the political forces that took part in the collapse of the Soviet system of government, as well as a change in the attitude of the participants in the events themselves to their past experience. Keywords: West Siberian, CPSU, Thermidorian upheaval, political organizations, elite and counter-elite, PLURS. |
18–24 |
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M. S. Novikov «Striking force of gun turrets» — to question of creating artillery weapons of Soviet armored vehicles in 1930’s DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-25-34 The article is devoted to the development of anti-tank and tank artillery in the USSR, Belgium, Britain, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, Italy in the Interbellum. This process is caused by the growth of the tank fleet of the armed forces, which can significantly increase the pace of operations. In parallel, there is a qualitative development of armored vehicles, which becomes more resistant to armor-piercing bullets of a rifle caliber and shell fragments, more mobile, which complicates the fight against regimental and division artillery, and makes the production of special anti-tank guns necessary. At the same time, the qualitative growth of armored vehicles requires adequate armament of a compact, rapid-fire ammunition with a wide range of ammunition. Unfortunately, the study of this process is biased. Journalists, politicians, researchers often disseminate allegations that in the USSR there was a copying of foreign samples. An example of such approaches is the distortion of the history of the development of Soviet anti-tank and tank guns of the Interbellum. A comparison of the processes taking place in the USSR and abroad allows us to refute the opinion of the fundamental importance of copying foreign samples or using pre-revolutionary experience. Keywords: Soviet designers, tank guns, anti-tank guns, Interbellum, the defense industry, foreign experience. |
25–34 |
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A. V. Rychkov Contribution of the USSR State Committee on Science and Technology to development of agricultural science DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-35-39 The publication analyzes the main directions of the scientific and organizational activities of the USSR State Committee on Science and Technology (SCST of the USSR) to improve the organization of agricultural research. The SCST of the USSR studied the possibilities of using the latest scientific achievements in production, oriented agricultural scientists to the formation of comprehensive recommendations for agriculture, and organized a search for new innovative forms. The author comes to the conclusion that the activity of the SCST of the USSR outlined the direction of the processes of research and production integration in agriculture in the last Soviet decades. Keywords: USSR State Committee on Science and Technology, agriculture, agricultural science, research and production integration. |
35–39 |
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V. I. Teterin Fr om investigation to detection: Criminal Investigation Organs of Perm province during years of revolution and Civil War in Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-40-47 Despite the high actuality of the subject connected with the necessity of building a civil society in our country the modern historiography does not cover а complex study of the soviet system of criminal investigation formation in certain regions. The present study elaborates on criminal investigation institutions in Perm region under the soviet authorities coming to power. With the help of the archive documents from the State Archive of Perm region and the Perm police history museum the author disovers some historic facts related to organization and functioning of criminal investigation in Perm region. Following the collapse of monarchy in 1917 the whole Russian law-enforcement system began to transform. New transformations took place when the Bolshevists came to power in autumn 1917. Criminal investigation was no exception. Along with that a kind of continuity was characteristic of the system despite all the political changes. A lot of investigators, some having started their career before the revolution, continued working under both the white and the red. However the revolution and the Civil War could not leave the criminal situation in the region and investigating agencies intact. Ideology affected their activity a lot. The crisis destroyed the resource base and personnel development system. But that did not prevent the authorities from achieving high crime detection and containing the chaos in the region. During the first years of the soviet power the fundament for the effective functioning of the investigation institutions was created. Keywords: criminal investigation, investigating agencies, Perm region, 1917 Revolution, Civil War, Soviet power. |
40–47 |
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A. E. Shagov, O. V. Grigoriev Troops and military tribunals of NKVD in battle for the Caucasus (August– November 1942) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-48-54 The article gives a brief description of the situation prevailing in the North Caucasus in the first period of World War II. Particular attention is paid to the creation and heroic defense by the troops of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the NKVD ) of the Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Makhachkala, Nalchik fortified areas, passes and mountain passages of the Main Caucasus Range (hereinafter referred to as the GKH) in August–November 1942. Archive data about the losses of the warring parties, as well as the rewarding of the personnel of the NKVD troops for their courage. The role and place of the NKVD military tribunals in ensuring the rule of law and maintaining military discipline is revealed. It is concluded that the NKVD troops played a key role in the defense of the created fortified areas. Keywords: World War II, the Main Caucasian Range, fortified area, NKVD troops. |
48–54 |
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V. S. Dzyuba, I. V. Makarov The main events of the Russo-Japanese war in coverage «Frankfurter Zeitung» newspaper DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-55-61 The article examines the reaction of the regional German periodicals to the events and results of the Russian-Japanese war on the basis of the publications of one of the largest regional newspapers in Germany «Frankfurter Zeitung» (Frankfurt am Main, 1856–1943) from January to September 1905. The most significant attention is given to coverage of the surrender of Port Arthur, the battle of Mukden, the battle of Tsushima and the peace negotiations at Portsmouth, caused the most noticeable reaction and the activity of the newspaper and analytical articles in newspapers concerning the Russian-Japanese war. On the basis of these publications, the editorial policy of the newspaper related to the countries participating in the war and the direction in which the newspaper adjusted the regional public opinion of Germany in relation to these countries is analyzed. Keywords: Russo-Japanese war, periodical press of Germany, public opinion, Port Arthur, battle of Mukden, battle of Tsushima, Treaty of Portsmouth. |
55–61 |
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M. A. Knyazev To question of departure of Nicholas II and royal family to England after fall of monarchy in Russia DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-62-69 The discussion about the possibility of the departure of Nicholas II and the royal family to England after the February Revolution has been going on for a hundred years, but a definite answer to this question has not yet been worked out in the scientific community. Various researchers among the reasons for the imperial family not to leave for England most often single out the opposition of the Provisional Government, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers ‘and Soldiers’ Deputies, or the Government of England. The author proposes a solution to this issue by critically analyzing the sources of the topic, in particular, the «note» of Nicholas II to the Provisional Government asking him to leave for England. The article uses data from diaries, memoirs, correspondence, as well as paperwork. The conclusion is drawn about the decisive role of the Provisional Government in the Romanovs refusal to leave for the UK. Keywords: Provisional Government, Nicholas II, the royal family, the February Revolution, the fall of the monarchy in Russia, A.F. Kerensky, P.N. Milyukov, D. Buchanan, D. Lloyd George. |
62–69 |
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M. I. Mashkarin «Troubles of the 20th century» in Siberia: a look through documentary heritage (historical and archival conferences in Omsk on history of the revolution and the Civil War in Russia) DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-70-74 The article is devoted to the analysis conducted in 2013–2019. Omsk historians and archivists of scientific conferences at which various aspects of the events that took place in Siberia after the February bourgeois-democratic and Great October Socialist revolutions and during the ensuing Civil War in Russia were examined. Then, in 1918–1919, the city of Omsk, having gained a special position on the political map of Russia, became the capital of «White» Russia, headed by Admiral A. V. Kolchak. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of Omsk historians, archivists, local historians, who became the organizers of a deeper study of the history of the Civil War in Russia and, especially, in Siberia, in the Omsk Irtysh Region in connection with the 100th anniversary of those controversial events. Keywords: historical science, archives, historiography, Civil War, Siberia, Omsk, Admiral A. V. Kolchak, white movement, Soviet power, conference. |
70–74 |
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I. V. Tsyganova The Portsmouth peace Treaty of 1905 in assessment of British ruling elite, diplomacy and press DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-75-80 The article attempts to identify the positions of the members of the political elite, diplomacy and the press of Great Britain in connection with the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, which ended the Russian-Japanese war of 1904–1905. The author draws attention to that the peace process in Portsmouth was influenced by the signing of the Second Anglo-Japanese Union Treaty. Based on the study of parliamentary and diplomatic documents, materials of the British and Russian press, it is concluded that the British ruling circles are interested in signing peace between Japan and Russia, as well as the debatable assessment of the content of the articles of the Portsmouth Treaty and its impact on international relations in the Far East. Keywords: A. Balfour, Anglish-Japanese Union, Far East, Lord Lensdowne, House of Lords, Portsmouth Peace Treaty, Russian-Japanese War, T. Roosevelt, Edward VII. |
75–80 |
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History Name |
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Yu. Z. Kantor «Save the Man». In way of documentary and exhibition project DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-81-87 The article is dedicated to the life and fate of a doctor, a graduate of the Omsk Medical Institute Andrei Pantyukhov — a man whom the famous writer Varlam Shalamov considered his friend and savior. Dr. Pantyukhov — the prototype of the protagonist of several «Kolyma Tales» by Shalamov. The article, thanks to documents from the Pantyukhov family archive, the archives of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Omsk Region and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Magadan Region, the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region and the archive of the Omsk State Medical University, for the first time put into scientific circulation, makes it possible to find out the details of the biography of Pantyukhov, who devoted himself to serving the most humane from professions. Keywords: Pantyukhov, Shalamov, Kolyma, repression, Stalinism, Omsk Medical Institute, Omsk, rehabilitation, personal archive |
81–87 |
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V. P. Vasilevsky, A. V. Sushko Nicolai Vasilyevich Ivanov: addition to biography of chekist-transport worker DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-88-94 The article deals with the biography reconstruction of the chekist-transport worker (public security officer) N. V. Ivanov. The authors comes to the conclusion that the life and fate of N. V. Ivanov makes it possible to cast doubt to the popular postulate that in 1937 all the «old school checklists» were destroyed by J. V. Stalin. N. V. Ivanov was a communist, distinguished himself in struggle against banditry, approved himself as a good professional in the eyes of the governing body. Thus, N. V. Ivanov secured his career promotion in the Soviet transport security agencies, and received many national honorary awards for his service, successfully surviving mass political repressions. Keywords: N.V. Ivanov, special services, All-Russian Special Commission for Combating Counter-revolution, Sabotage and Speculation–State Political Directorate–Joint State Political Directorate–NKVD (secret police), Omsk, Omsk railway line. |
88–94 |
PHILOSOPHY
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R. L. Kochnev The Story of Non-real Man: personal identity and existentialism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-95-102 The article analyzes the concept of personality, how it can be formulated within the framework of existential philosophy; from this perspective, the narrative theory of personality identity is criticized. An alternative description of the personality is proposed, which will be satisfactory for both analytical and existential thought. Keywords: personal identity, narrative theory, autobiography, analytical philosophy, existentialism, Locke, Parfit. |
95–102 |
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Pros and Cons |
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A. B. Didikin The logic of «pure knowledge» and conceptual understanding of principle of causality in normativism DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-103-107 The paper is devoted to the analysis of the philosophical foundations of Hans Kelsen’s normativism, presented in the arguments of the Marburg school of neocantianism. With the help of the reconstruction of the «logic of pure knowledge» by H. Cohen, the conceptual apparatus of normativism is reinterpreted. Special attention is paid to the conceptual analysis of the principle of causality in scientific knowledge, the roots of which are found in ancient philosophical thought and mythology with the idea of retribution. As additional arguments for the legal methodology the arguments of the normativist theory are given, justifying a methodological alternative to the search for cause-and-effect relationships in legal reality. Keywords: normativism, legal norms, causality, retribution, mythology, ancient philosophy, Hans Kelsen. |
103–107 |
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H. Kelsen Causality and Retribution / trans. from Engl. А. B. Didikin DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-108-111 A translation of a paper by the Austrian philosopher and lawyer Hans Kelsen devoted to the conceptual understanding of the principle of causality in humanitarian knowledge is presented. The paper formulates and justifies the thesis that the origins of ideas about causality in nature should be found in ancient mythology and philosophy, wh ere the key reference point for the perception of nature and society was the principle of retribution. On the basis of historical and philosophical reconstruction of the philosophical ideas of Heraclitus and Democritus Kelsen traces the evolution of the principle of causality to the present day, including the emergence of new theories in the field of quantum mechanics and mathematics. Keywords: causality, retribution, mythology, ancient philosophy, Hans Kelsen. Printed with permission from the Hans Kelsen-Institut (Austria, Vienna). |
108–111 |
ECONOMY
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B. G. Khairov, V. A. Kovalev, R. Kh. Khasanov Features of financial integration of the Eurasian Economic Union member states DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-112-119 This work is devoted to the study of the issue related to the deepening and expansion of integration processes within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union for sustainable development, constant technological renewal, increasing the competitiveness of the economies of the Eurasian Economic Union member states and increasing the standard of living of their population. The relevance of the topic is due to the high interest of the state authorities of Russia in the development of this interstate association. The authors use content analysis of regulatory acts and open information materials on mutual financial flows of Eurasian Economic Union member states, analysis of discrete institutional alternatives, mathematical modeling, etc. Based on the analysis carried out in the work, a list of proposals for further progressive development of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union was formulated. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of studies carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations within the framework of the state task to the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. Keywords: Eurasian Economic Union, financial integration, globalization, crossborder financial flows, investment, trade. |
112–119 |
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A. R. Bril, O. V. Kalinina, A. A. Sedyakina, S. V. Kalmykova The structure and procedure of economic calculations for the organization of remuneration in crisis enterprises DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-120-126 Planning and organization of remuneration, staff incentives for the withdrawal of a company from a crisis situation requires in some cases significant financial resources. This situation occurs in cases wh ere, in order to preserve the most efficient employees of the enterprise, it becomes necessary to use special methods of motivation and remuneration. To work out the various options for the plan and effectively address these issues, reliable information is needed on the economic and organizational capabilities of the enterprise, the level of risks and the state of the market. In order to prepare such information, the article proposes a settlement system and a decision-making procedure based on the separation of the principles of external and internal analysis, the development of the company’s regulatory budget and a business plan for overcoming the crisis. Keywords: organization of remuneration, crisis situation at the enterprise, financial analysis, business planning. |
120–126 |
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T. I. Gordievich, P. V. Ruzanov Living standards and income dynamics DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-127-135 Problem and purpose. The main problem of the modern Russian economy has been the declining dynamics of population incomes. Revenues determine the socioeconomic orientation of the economy and are indicators of the standard of living of the population. These are key indicators of social welfare, which are a source of meeting diverse needs. The aim of the article is to study the main trends in the indicators of living standards. Methods. The research methodology is based on the analytical method. In particular, the incomes of the population are examined and the state of living standards of the population is estimated. Results. In the course of the analysis, the dynamics of the average per capita cash income of the population (per month), the real disposable cash income of the population, the volume and structure of the cash income of the population by source of income, the distribution of income, the dynamics of the living wage, and real wages are determined. The analysis carried out in the article allows us to determine the degree of change in the standard of living of the population. In 2014–2015, there was a decrease in the standard of living of the population. In 2016–2017, the economy is growing slowly. Conclusions. A stimulating income policy is needed to improve living standards. In particular, it is necessary to expand the expenditures of the state budget to support poor citizens. Also, an increase in the living standard may become an instrument of income policy. Keywords: standard of living, income policy, real wages, cost of living. |
127–135 |
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А. V. Dvoynev Factors of formation and development of Russian management thought as main components of the Russian model of management in XX century DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-136-141 The article is devoted to the actual problem of identifying problems and prospects for the development of the methodological framework in the study of the essence and features of the Russian management model. The article reveals the essence and features of the factors that influenced the development of Russian management thought and the Russian management model in the XX century, the prospects for further study of the system of labor indicators are revealed. Keywords: factors, methodology, management theory, history of management thought, Russian management model. |
136–141 |
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A. E. Demyanenko Sectoral structure of gross regional product as factor of economic development of regions DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-142-150 The article discusses issues of essence, structural elements, measurement and use of potential of development of regional economies, explores trends and regularities of socio-economic condition and development of regions of Siberian Federal District. Potential factors are studied, methodological approaches are developed and implemented to assess the levels of development potential of the studied subjects of the federation, the effectiveness of their functioning and the dominators of further development. The sectoral structure of gross regional product and natural resource potential is investigated, the group of regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the potential of their development is carried out, economic return of each of the elements of development potential included in the multi-factor model of the studied regions is revealed. Keywords: development potential, structural factor, regional economy, gross regional product, natural resource potential, export. |
142–150 |